CV Axle Parts Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . 295 CV Axle Seal Service | CV Axle Wheel Bearing Service | Tripod Joint Service | Ball-and- Cage Joint Service | CV Joint Boot Service CV Axle Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Chapter 16 Rear Axle Assembly Construction and Operation . . . . . . . . 309 Construction and Operation Overview . . . . . . . 310 Differential Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Diff erential Drive Gears | Diff erential Case Assembly | Hydraulic Locking Diff erentials Rear Axle Housing: Solid-Axle Rear Suspension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Removable Carrier | Integral Carrier Rear Axle Housing: Independent Rear Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Rear Drive Axles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Solid Drive Axle | Independently Suspended Drive Axle Chapter 17 Rear Axle Assembly Problems, Troubleshooting, and Service . . . . . . . . 335 Rear Axle Assembly Problems and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Abnormal Noise | Rear Axle Assembly Vibration | Lubricant Leakage Limited-Slip Differential Problems and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Rear Axle Assembly Lubricant Service . . . . . . . 339 Rear Drive Axle Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Solid Drive Axle Removal | Independently Suspended Drive Axle Removal | Axle Bearing Service | Wheel Stud Service | Axle Seal Service | Solid Drive Axle Installation | Independently Suspended Drive Axle Installation Differential Assembly Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Diff erential Assembly Inspection | Diff erential Assembly Removal | Diff erential Disassembly | Diff erential Assembly Parts Inspection | Diff erential Reassembly | Diff erential Assembly Adjustments | Diff erential Assembly Installation Chapter 18 Four-Wheel Drive Component Construction and Operation . . . . . . . . 365 Four-Wheel Drive Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Four-Wheel Drive Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Transfer Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Transfer Case Housing and External Components | Internal Transfer Case Parts | Output Shaft s | Central Diff erential and Viscous Coupling | Multiple Plate Clutch Pack | Hydraulic Locking Transfer Case Components | Transfer Case Shift Mechanisms | Electronic Transfer Case Components and Operation Locking Hubs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Drive Shafts and Drive Axles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Other Four-Wheel Drive Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Types of Automatic Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . 382 Range and Gear Ratio Control Transfer Case | Range Control Only Transfer Case Transfer Case Power Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Chain Drive Transfer Case Power Flow | Gear Drive Transfer Case Power Flow Chapter 19 Four-Wheel Drive Problems, Troubleshooting, and Service . . . . . . . . 395 Transfer Case Problems and Troubleshooting. . . 396 Lubricant Leakage | Improper Engagement | Abnormal Noises | Gear Disengagement | Hard Shift ing | Transfer Case Shudder Electronic Transfer Case Problems . . . . . . . . . . 399 Input Sensor Problems | Output Motor Problems | ECM Problems | Wiring and Connector Problems Transfer Case Electrical Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Using Scan Tools to Check the Transfer Case . . . 401 Trouble Codes | Other Scan Tool Data Retrieving Trouble Codes without a Scan Tool . . 402 Checking Component Operation . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Test Equipment | System Operation Testing | Component Testing Replacing Electronic Transfer Case Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405 Speed Sensors | ECMs | Transfer Case Shift Motors | Rechecking System Operation | ECM Relearn Procedures Contents 9