Chapter 8 Behavior and Characteristics of Manufacturing Materials 127
request, a written plan to employees and OSHA rep-
resentatives. Training must be provided whenever a
hazardous material is introduced to the work area.
Types of Hazardous Materials
There are two common methods for deter-
mining whether a material can be classified as a
hazardous waste. The simplest method is to con-
sult a listing referred to as the EPA Notification
of Hazardous Waste Activity, provided by the
Environmental Protection Agency to establish the
code in a particular state or locality. If the material
is noted on the EPA list, then it can be classified as
a listed waste.
Another approach for determining whether the
material is hazardous is to consider the material in
terms of its characteristics when humans and ani-
mals are exposed to the material. These materials
are considered to be characteristic waste, and are
seldom included on EPA lists. Examples would be
materials that are readily ignitable, corrosive (has
a pH level of 2 or less or 12.5 or higher), reactive
(normally unstable and readily undergoes violent
change), or toxic.
Hazardous Waste Generation by
Manufacturers
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1976 controls the generation, storage,
transportation, management, and disposal of hazard-
ous wastes. The Environmental Protection Agency
defines hazardous waste as “a waste with proper-
ties that make it dangerous or capable of having a
harmful effect on human health and the environ-
ment.” The Environmental Protection Agency also
states that there are two types of hazardous waste:
listed waste, or nonlisted waste. Listed waste is
viewed as hazardous if it appears on one of four lists:
P, U, K and F-lists published in the Code of Federal
Regulations (40 CFR, Part 261). There are now more
Figure 8-4. Notice the similarities and differences between the information found on an MSDS and an ICSC. (NIOSH)
International Council of Chemical
Associations (ICCA)
Headings of Material Safety Data Sheets
1. Chemical product identification, and company identification
2. Composition/Information on ingredients
3. Hazards identification
4. First-aid measures
5. Fire-fighting measures
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls/Personal measures
See 15. below
9. Physical &chemical properties
10. Stability &reactivity
11. Toxicological information
See 9. above
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
International Programme on Chemical
Safety (IPCS)
Headings of International Chemical Safety Cards
1. Chemical identification
2. Composition/formula
3. Hazard identification from fire and explosion, and from
exposure by inhalation, skin, eyes, and ingestion, and
prevention measures (with personal protective equipment)
First-aid measures
Fire-fighting measures
4. Spillage, disposal
5. Storage
6. Packaging, labeling &transport
See 3. above
7. Important data:
Occupational exposure limits
See 8. below
Physical &chemical dangers
Routes of exposure
Effects of short- and long-term exposure
8. Physical properties
9. Environmental data
See 4. above
See 6. above
See 7. above
10. Notes
11. Additional information
request, a written plan to employees and OSHA rep-
resentatives. Training must be provided whenever a
hazardous material is introduced to the work area.
Types of Hazardous Materials
There are two common methods for deter-
mining whether a material can be classified as a
hazardous waste. The simplest method is to con-
sult a listing referred to as the EPA Notification
of Hazardous Waste Activity, provided by the
Environmental Protection Agency to establish the
code in a particular state or locality. If the material
is noted on the EPA list, then it can be classified as
a listed waste.
Another approach for determining whether the
material is hazardous is to consider the material in
terms of its characteristics when humans and ani-
mals are exposed to the material. These materials
are considered to be characteristic waste, and are
seldom included on EPA lists. Examples would be
materials that are readily ignitable, corrosive (has
a pH level of 2 or less or 12.5 or higher), reactive
(normally unstable and readily undergoes violent
change), or toxic.
Hazardous Waste Generation by
Manufacturers
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1976 controls the generation, storage,
transportation, management, and disposal of hazard-
ous wastes. The Environmental Protection Agency
defines hazardous waste as “a waste with proper-
ties that make it dangerous or capable of having a
harmful effect on human health and the environ-
ment.” The Environmental Protection Agency also
states that there are two types of hazardous waste:
listed waste, or nonlisted waste. Listed waste is
viewed as hazardous if it appears on one of four lists:
P, U, K and F-lists published in the Code of Federal
Regulations (40 CFR, Part 261). There are now more
Figure 8-4. Notice the similarities and differences between the information found on an MSDS and an ICSC. (NIOSH)
International Council of Chemical
Associations (ICCA)
Headings of Material Safety Data Sheets
1. Chemical product identification, and company identification
2. Composition/Information on ingredients
3. Hazards identification
4. First-aid measures
5. Fire-fighting measures
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure controls/Personal measures
See 15. below
9. Physical &chemical properties
10. Stability &reactivity
11. Toxicological information
See 9. above
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
International Programme on Chemical
Safety (IPCS)
Headings of International Chemical Safety Cards
1. Chemical identification
2. Composition/formula
3. Hazard identification from fire and explosion, and from
exposure by inhalation, skin, eyes, and ingestion, and
prevention measures (with personal protective equipment)
First-aid measures
Fire-fighting measures
4. Spillage, disposal
5. Storage
6. Packaging, labeling &transport
See 3. above
7. Important data:
Occupational exposure limits
See 8. below
Physical &chemical dangers
Routes of exposure
Effects of short- and long-term exposure
8. Physical properties
9. Environmental data
See 4. above
See 6. above
See 7. above
10. Notes
11. Additional information