Modern Automotive Technology xxiii
Chapter 54
Advanced Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
Advanced Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
Advanced Scan Tool Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
Checking ECM Terminal Values. . . . . . . . . . 1023
Using a Breakout Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
Isolating Electromagnetic Interference . . . . 1025
Digital Thermometer Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
Dynamometer Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
Using an Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
Vehicle Analyzer (Computer Analyzer) . . . 1039
Chapter 55
Engine Tune-Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
Engine Tune-Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
Minor Tune-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
Major Tune-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
Importance of a Tune-Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
General Tune-Up Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052
Tune-Up Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052
Typical Tune-Up Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
Preliminary Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
Tune-Up Parts Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
Engine Compression Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055
Tune-Up Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055
Diesel Engine Tune-Up (Maintenance) . . . . 1057
Engine Tune-Up (Maintenance) Intervals . . . . . 1057
Section 10
Engine Service and Repair
Chapter 56
Engine Mechanical Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
Why Is Diagnosis Important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
Common Engine Mechanical Problems. . . . . . . 1063
Engine Smoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064
Engine Pre-Teardown Inspection . . . . . . . . . 1065
Abnormal Engine Noises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066
Testing Engine Mechanical Conditions . . . . . . . 1067
Cranking Balance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067
Compression Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067
Wet Compression Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
Dynamic Engine Compression Test. . . . . . . 1071
Cylinder Leakage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071
Vacuum Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
Cylinder Balance Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
Deciding What Type of Engine Repair
Is Needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Evaluating Engine Mechanical Problems . . . . . 1073
Engine Gasket Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Cylinder Head Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Valve Train Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Valve Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Camshaft Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Hydraulic Lifter or Tappet Problems. . . . . . 1076
Rocker Arm Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
Valve Spring Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079
Push Rod Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080
Timing Mechanism Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080
Cylinder Block Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081
Connecting Rod Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
Piston Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084
Burned Piston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084
Worn Piston Rings and Cylinders . . . . . . . . 1085
Piston Breakage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085
Piston Knock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085
Piston Pin Knock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086
Crankshaft and Bearing Problems . . . . . . . . . . . 1086
Rod Bearing Knock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Spun Rod Bearing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Main Bearing Knock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Worn Main Bearings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Excess Crankshaft End Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Flywheel Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Crankshaft Vibration Damper Problems. . . 1087
Engine Mount Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088
Checking Engine Mounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088
Intake and Exhaust Manifold Problems . . . . . . 1088
Chapter 57
Engine Removal, Disassembly, and Cleaning 1094
Engine Identifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094
Identify Engine Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094
Vehicle Identifi cation Number . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
Casting Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
Part Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096
Is Engine Removal Necessary? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1096
Engine Overhaul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098
Parts Replaced or Reconditioned. . . . . . . . . 1098
In-Vehicle Engine Overhaul . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098
Preparing for Engine Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099
Removing Transmission with Engine . . . . . . . . 1102
Engine Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102
Installing Lifting Fixture or Chain . . . . . . . . 1103
Lifting Engine from Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104
Lowering Engine from Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . 1105
Separating Engine
and Transmission/Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . 1105
Placing Engine on Engine Stand . . . . . . . . . 1107