xxvii Evaporative Emissions Control Systems. .........710 Exhaust Gas Recirculation. ...................712 Catalytic Converter .........................714 Emission Control Management Systems .........716 Oxygen Sensors. ..........................716 Primary Oxygen Sensors .....................716 Secondary Oxygen Sensors. ..................717 Oxygen Sensor Positions. ....................717 Heated Oxygen Sensors. .....................717 Zirconia Oxygen Sensors. ....................717 Planar Zirconia Oxygen Sensors. ...............719 Titania Oxygen Sensors. .....................719 Wide-Band Oxygen Sensors. ..................719 Emission System Monitoring .................720 Evaporative Emissions System Monitoring. ......720 EGR Monitoring. ..........................720 Catalyst Monitor ..........................720 Engine Misfire Monitoring. ..................721 Sensor Monitoring. ........................721 Actuator Monitoring. .......................721 Diesel Particulate Filter. .....................721 Chapter 52 Emission Control System Testing and Repair. ........................725 Computer-Controlled Emission System Service ...725 Scanning Emission Systems. ..................725 Inspecting Emission Control Systems. ..........726 Engine Exhaust Gases. ......................727 Exhaust Gas Analyzer. ......................727 Types of Exhaust Gas Analyzers. ...............727 Using an Exhaust Gas Analyzer. ...............727 Exhaust Gas Analyzer Readings. ...............728 State Emissions Testing Programs .............729 IM 240 Test ...............................729 Vehicle Inspection Reports. ...................731 PCV System Service. .......................731 PCV System Testing. ........................732 Evaporative Emissions System Service. .........733 Tank Filler Cap. ............................733 Hoses. ...................................733 Charcoal Canister. ..........................733 EGR System Service. .......................733 Vacuum EGR System Testing. .................733 Electronic EGR System Testing. ................733 Catalytic Converter Service ..................734 Testing Catalytic Converter Efficiency. ..........735 Catalytic Converter Replacement. ..............736 Oxygen Sensor Service. .....................736 Testing Oxygen Sensors. .....................736 Oxygen Sensor Replacement. .................738 OBD II Drive Cycle .........................738 Section 9 Engine Troubleshooting and Performance Chapter 53 Engine Performance and Driveability. ....743 Locating Engine Performance Problems. ........743 Performance Problem Troubleshooting Charts ....745 Technical Service Bulletins. ...................745 Other Sources of Service Information ...........746 Typical Performance Problems. ...............746 No-Start Problem. ..........................746 Stalling. ..................................747 Misfiring. .................................747 Engine Load. ..............................749 Rough Idle. ...............................749 Hesitation. ................................749 Stumbling. ................................749 Surging. ..................................749 Backfiring. ................................749 Dieseling .................................750 Pinging. ..................................750 Fuel Line Freeze. ...........................750 Poor Fuel Economy. .........................750 Lack of Engine Power. .......................750 Scanning Diesel Engine Problems ..............751 Vacuum and Pressure Gauge Tests. ............751 Vacuum Pump Tests. ........................752 Other Engine Performance Problems. ...........752 Chapter 54 Advanced Diagnostics. ...............756 Strategy-Based Diagnostics. .................756 Advanced Scan Tool Tests ...................757 Scan Tool Snapshot .........................757 Scan Tool Datastream Values. .................757 Scan Tool Actuator Tests. ....................757 Systematic Approach. ......................757 Verify Symptoms ...........................757 Narrow down the Cause .....................758 Perform the Proper Tests. ....................758 Make and Verify the Repair. ..................758 Checking ECM Terminal Values ...............758 Using a Breakout Box. .......................758