Chapter 1 The Carpenter’s Workplace. . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1 Economic Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Employment Outlook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Working Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Job Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.6 Skill Development and Job Competency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.7 Conduct on the Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.8 Personal Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.9 Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.10 Teaching as a Construction Career . . 13 1.11 Related Occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.12 Organizations Promoting Construction Training . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Chapter 2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.2 General Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3 Clothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.4 Personal Protective Equipment . . . . . . 23 2.5 Fall Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.6 Scaffolds and Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.7 Hand Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.8 Power Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.9 Electrical Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.10 Compressed Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.11 Decks and Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.12 Excavations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.13 Falling Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.14 Handling Hazardous Materials . . . . . 31 2.15 Lifting and Carrying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.16 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.17 First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 3 Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.1 Lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.2 Wood Structure and Growth . . . . . . . . 38 3.3 Kinds of Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.4 Cutting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.5 Moisture Content and Shrinkage . . . . 40 3.6 Lumber Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.7 Softwood Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.8 Hardwood Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.9 Lumber Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.10 Calculating Board Footage . . . . . . . . 47 3.11 Metric Lumber Measure . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.12 Panel Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.13 Wood Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Section 1 Preparing to Build Contents Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. xiii