xi
Illustrations
Illustrations have been designed to clearly and
simply communicate the specific topic. Illustra-
tions have been updated for this edition. Photo-
graphic images have been updated to show the
latest equipment.
Expanding Your Learning
Workplace Skills highlight the professional
behaviors and traits that employers look for
and that will help you succeed in the workplace.
Construction Careers features and profiles can
provide a path for career success.
End-of-Chapter Content
End-of-chapter material provides an oppor-
tunity for review and application of concepts.
A concise Summary provides an additional
review tool and reinforces key learning objec-
tives. This helps you focus on important concepts
presented in the text. Know and Understand
questions enable you to demonstrate knowl-
edge, identification, and comprehension of
chapter material. Apply and Analyze ques-
tions extend learning and help you analyze
and apply knowledge. Critical Thinking ques-
tions develop higher-order thinking and prob-
lem solving, personal, and workplace skills.
Communicating about Carpentry activities
are designed to improve and develop language
skills such as reading, speaking, and listening.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Inc.
Chapter 17 Exterior Wall Finish 445
All plywood siding must be made from exterior-
type plywood. Douglas fir is the most commonly used
species. However, cedar and redwood are also avail-
able. Panels come in either a sanded condition or with
factory-applied sealer or stain. For information on
grading standards, see Chapter 3, Building Materials.
Panel sizes are 48uni2033 wide by 8uni2032, 9uni2032, or 10uni2032 long. A
3/8uni2033 thickness is normally used for direct-to-stud
applications. A 5/16uni2033 thickness may be used over ap-
proved sheathing. Thicker panels are required when
the texture treatment consists of deep cuts. For un-
sheathed walls, plywood thickness should not be less
than 3/8uni2033 on 16uni2033 stud spacing, 1/2uni2033 for 20uni2033 stud spac-
ing, and 5/8uni2033 for 24uni2033 stud spacing.
Application of large sheets is generally made with
the long dimension vertical. This eliminates the need
for blocking to support horizontal joints.
shows a home sided with grooved vertical panels hav-
ing shiplap edges.
In vertical installations, center the joints over studs.
In horizontal installations, place solid blocking behind
joints. Standard application requirements are given in
.Battens are an option, but should not be
used with plywood siding that is textured.
Artazum/Shutterstock.com
This grooved plywood is applied over a
sheathed wall and has a rough-sawn surface.
Studs 16uni2033 OC for 3/8uni2033 24uni2033 OC
for 1/2uni2033 or 5/8uni2033 plywood (1).
Caulk butt joints unless battened,
shiplapped, or backed with building paper.
Omit diagonal bracing and sheathing
paper with rough-sawn plywood.
Apply battens with 8d noncorrosiveevosir
casing nails, 12uni2033 OC and
For best results, paint edges
before installation.
Insulation as required.
Rough-sawn panel siding (2).
Notes:
1. May use 3/8uni2033 panel siding over
24uni2033 OC supports 5/16uni2033 over 16uni2033 OC.
2. Nail 6uni2033 O.C. at panel edges and
12" OC at intermediate supports.
Use galvanized, aluminum, or other
noncorrosive casing or siding nails —
6d for 3/8uni2033 and 1/2uni2033 panels
8d for panels 5/8uni2033 and thicker.
Nail 3/8uni2033 in from edges.
APA-The Engineered Wood Association
These recommendations are the standard for thickness of panel and method of installing vertical siding. Always
check local codes to ensure compliance.
Workplace Skills
Attention to Detail
Details matter. Regardless of what kind of exterior wall
finish you are installing, or what job you are doing,
details matter. Small things like consistent nail spacing
on a fascia trim installation, or a careful caulk job on
the gutters can make your work stand out above the
rest. One day, long after the job has been wrapped-up,
when the homeowner kicks back in a lawn chair while
enjoying a barbeque with the neighbors, you want them
to scan your work and comment on what a great job you
did, not point out flaws. This is sure to win you a better
reputation and more work down the road.
illcox CCo.,
sstaggered.ed.rt
,pplywood
bef
566
Chapter Review
Summary
■ Finish flooring is available in many materials, ranging from flagstone, slate, brick, and
ceramic tile through resilient tiles and sheet vinyl to various wood products.
■ Finish flooring materials are usually installed after all wall and ceiling surfaces are completed.
■ Strip flooring is fitted together with tongue-and-groove joints and is blind nailed through
the groove.
■Parquet flooring is usually laid in a mastic.
■ Laminate flooring floats over the subfloor. Tongue-and-groove joints between strips snap
together to firmly hold the pieces together.
■Plywood, hardboard, or cement board are used as underlayments.
■Resilient flooring, such as tile or sheet vinyl, requires a smooth underlayment that will
not telegraph irregularities through to the flooring.
■The most-used adhesives are mastics, dry-set, and latex-Portland cement mortars. Some
tiles are supplied with adhesive already applied and can merely be pressed in place on the
underlayment.
■ Tiles are grouped according to their permeability.
■ Spaces between tiles are filled with a mortar-like material called grout.
Know and Understand
Answer the following questions using the information
in this chapter.
1. _____have largely replaced asphalt tile, rubber
tile, and linoleum as a finish flooring material.
A. Slates
B. Brick
C. Ceramic tiles
D. Vinyl plastics
2. _____flooring the most widely used wood
flooring.
A. Strip
B. Plank
C. Block
D. Engineered
3. True or False? Standard thicknesses of hardwood
strip flooring include 3/8″, 1/2″, and 3/4″.
4. True or False? Wood flooring should be delivered
on the day it is to be installed.
5. When the starter strip is located in the center of an
area, install a _____in the groove to create a tongue.
A. sleeper
B. setup line
C. spline
D. succeeding strip
6. What is the first step in laying wood strip flooring
over concrete?
A. Snap chalk lines 16″ apart.
B. Clean and prime the floor.
C. Join polyethylene sheets by forming a lap over
a sleeper.
D. Embed treated wood sleepers in bands of
adhesive.
7. How many board feet are there in a standard
bundle of hardwood flooring?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 48
D. 52
8. Laminate flooring consists of a fiberboard core,
melamine paper, and a _____.
A. series of glued joints
B. mastic
C. protective adhesive
D. protective topcoat
9. True or False? Engineered wood strip flooring is
attached to a plywood subfloor.
10. What can be used on underlayment to prevent
nail “popping” under resilient floors?
A. Special fasteners.
B. A special nailing
pattern.
C. Special adhesives.
D. Floor-leveling
compound.
11. A resilient flooring material that is especially
susceptible to telegraphing small irregularities in
the base is _____.
A. linoleum
B. vinyl
C. rubber
D. asphalt
12. True or False? When laying resilient tiles, tiling is
started at the entrance to the room.
13. The area of a room to be floored with
self-adhering tiles is 105 sq ft and you are using
12″ × 12″ tiles. Accounting for 10% waste, how
many tiles will you need to complete the job?
A. 89
B. 116
C. 132
D. 144
Chapter 20 Finish Flooring 567
14. Which of the following is not a of
forming a bisque for floor tile?
A. Extrusion.
B. Die pressing.
C. Cut a sheet.
D. Baking in a kiln.
15. _____tile is very dense, always unglazed, and
ideal for floors.
A. Paver
B. Quarry
C. Mosaic
D. Lugged
16. _____is cement with sand added to it.
A. Sanded grout
B. Plain grout
C. Mortar
D. Mastic
Apply and Analyze
1. When is finish flooring generally laid in
construction?
2. Explain the four types of wood flooring used in
residential structures.
3. What is “racking the floor”?
4. Name one advantage and one disadvantage to
using prefinished wood flooring.
5. Why does cement board underlayment require no
expansion gap between panels?
6. How is installation of self-adhering resilient tiles
different from that of standard resilient tiles?
7. What are two advantages that vinyl plank
flooring offers when compared to laminate
flooring?
Critical Thinking
1. Research options for flooring. Narrow your
search to your top two choices for your kitchen.
Make a material list to lay both types of flooring.
Visit or call your local supplier to the
all materials needed to lay both.
Which material will you use What are
the advantages and disadvantages of each type of
flooring?
2. Building practices vary from one geographic
location to another. For instance, in the southern
United States it is common to build a home on a
slab foundation, while in northern states, homes
usually have a basement or a crawlspace. What
impact will this make on flooring choices and
installation practices? What other factors based
on geographic region or climate might impact
flooring choices or installation practices? Explain.
Communicating
about Carpentry
1. Speaking. With a partner, role-play the following
situation: A carpenter must explain the different
options for finish flooring to be installed in a
customer’s home. Use your own words to describe
strip, plank, and unit block wood flooring, and
explain the procedure for applying hardboard,
particleboard, waferboard, and plywood
underlayment. The customer should ask questions
if the explanation is unclear. Switch roles and
repeat the activity.
2. Reading and Writing. Working with a partner,
research the benefits that carpenters can enjoy
from joining a union. Determine how much dues
must be paid to be a union member, and the
benefits union members enjoy. Develop a report
for the class on the benefits of being a member of
the carpenters’ union.
Illustrations
Illustrations have been designed to clearly and
simply communicate the specific topic. Illustra-
tions have been updated for this edition. Photo-
graphic images have been updated to show the
latest equipment.
Expanding Your Learning
Workplace Skills highlight the professional
behaviors and traits that employers look for
and that will help you succeed in the workplace.
Construction Careers features and profiles can
provide a path for career success.
End-of-Chapter Content
End-of-chapter material provides an oppor-
tunity for review and application of concepts.
A concise Summary provides an additional
review tool and reinforces key learning objec-
tives. This helps you focus on important concepts
presented in the text. Know and Understand
questions enable you to demonstrate knowl-
edge, identification, and comprehension of
chapter material. Apply and Analyze ques-
tions extend learning and help you analyze
and apply knowledge. Critical Thinking ques-
tions develop higher-order thinking and prob-
lem solving, personal, and workplace skills.
Communicating about Carpentry activities
are designed to improve and develop language
skills such as reading, speaking, and listening.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Inc.
Chapter 17 Exterior Wall Finish 445
All plywood siding must be made from exterior-
type plywood. Douglas fir is the most commonly used
species. However, cedar and redwood are also avail-
able. Panels come in either a sanded condition or with
factory-applied sealer or stain. For information on
grading standards, see Chapter 3, Building Materials.
Panel sizes are 48uni2033 wide by 8uni2032, 9uni2032, or 10uni2032 long. A
3/8uni2033 thickness is normally used for direct-to-stud
applications. A 5/16uni2033 thickness may be used over ap-
proved sheathing. Thicker panels are required when
the texture treatment consists of deep cuts. For un-
sheathed walls, plywood thickness should not be less
than 3/8uni2033 on 16uni2033 stud spacing, 1/2uni2033 for 20uni2033 stud spac-
ing, and 5/8uni2033 for 24uni2033 stud spacing.
Application of large sheets is generally made with
the long dimension vertical. This eliminates the need
for blocking to support horizontal joints.
shows a home sided with grooved vertical panels hav-
ing shiplap edges.
In vertical installations, center the joints over studs.
In horizontal installations, place solid blocking behind
joints. Standard application requirements are given in
.Battens are an option, but should not be
used with plywood siding that is textured.
Artazum/Shutterstock.com
This grooved plywood is applied over a
sheathed wall and has a rough-sawn surface.
Studs 16uni2033 OC for 3/8uni2033 24uni2033 OC
for 1/2uni2033 or 5/8uni2033 plywood (1).
Caulk butt joints unless battened,
shiplapped, or backed with building paper.
Omit diagonal bracing and sheathing
paper with rough-sawn plywood.
Apply battens with 8d noncorrosiveevosir
casing nails, 12uni2033 OC and
For best results, paint edges
before installation.
Insulation as required.
Rough-sawn panel siding (2).
Notes:
1. May use 3/8uni2033 panel siding over
24uni2033 OC supports 5/16uni2033 over 16uni2033 OC.
2. Nail 6uni2033 O.C. at panel edges and
12" OC at intermediate supports.
Use galvanized, aluminum, or other
noncorrosive casing or siding nails —
6d for 3/8uni2033 and 1/2uni2033 panels
8d for panels 5/8uni2033 and thicker.
Nail 3/8uni2033 in from edges.
APA-The Engineered Wood Association
These recommendations are the standard for thickness of panel and method of installing vertical siding. Always
check local codes to ensure compliance.
Workplace Skills
Attention to Detail
Details matter. Regardless of what kind of exterior wall
finish you are installing, or what job you are doing,
details matter. Small things like consistent nail spacing
on a fascia trim installation, or a careful caulk job on
the gutters can make your work stand out above the
rest. One day, long after the job has been wrapped-up,
when the homeowner kicks back in a lawn chair while
enjoying a barbeque with the neighbors, you want them
to scan your work and comment on what a great job you
did, not point out flaws. This is sure to win you a better
reputation and more work down the road.
illcox CCo.,
sstaggered.ed.rt
,pplywood
bef
566
Chapter Review
Summary
■ Finish flooring is available in many materials, ranging from flagstone, slate, brick, and
ceramic tile through resilient tiles and sheet vinyl to various wood products.
■ Finish flooring materials are usually installed after all wall and ceiling surfaces are completed.
■ Strip flooring is fitted together with tongue-and-groove joints and is blind nailed through
the groove.
■Parquet flooring is usually laid in a mastic.
■ Laminate flooring floats over the subfloor. Tongue-and-groove joints between strips snap
together to firmly hold the pieces together.
■Plywood, hardboard, or cement board are used as underlayments.
■Resilient flooring, such as tile or sheet vinyl, requires a smooth underlayment that will
not telegraph irregularities through to the flooring.
■The most-used adhesives are mastics, dry-set, and latex-Portland cement mortars. Some
tiles are supplied with adhesive already applied and can merely be pressed in place on the
underlayment.
■ Tiles are grouped according to their permeability.
■ Spaces between tiles are filled with a mortar-like material called grout.
Know and Understand
Answer the following questions using the information
in this chapter.
1. _____have largely replaced asphalt tile, rubber
tile, and linoleum as a finish flooring material.
A. Slates
B. Brick
C. Ceramic tiles
D. Vinyl plastics
2. _____flooring the most widely used wood
flooring.
A. Strip
B. Plank
C. Block
D. Engineered
3. True or False? Standard thicknesses of hardwood
strip flooring include 3/8″, 1/2″, and 3/4″.
4. True or False? Wood flooring should be delivered
on the day it is to be installed.
5. When the starter strip is located in the center of an
area, install a _____in the groove to create a tongue.
A. sleeper
B. setup line
C. spline
D. succeeding strip
6. What is the first step in laying wood strip flooring
over concrete?
A. Snap chalk lines 16″ apart.
B. Clean and prime the floor.
C. Join polyethylene sheets by forming a lap over
a sleeper.
D. Embed treated wood sleepers in bands of
adhesive.
7. How many board feet are there in a standard
bundle of hardwood flooring?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 48
D. 52
8. Laminate flooring consists of a fiberboard core,
melamine paper, and a _____.
A. series of glued joints
B. mastic
C. protective adhesive
D. protective topcoat
9. True or False? Engineered wood strip flooring is
attached to a plywood subfloor.
10. What can be used on underlayment to prevent
nail “popping” under resilient floors?
A. Special fasteners.
B. A special nailing
pattern.
C. Special adhesives.
D. Floor-leveling
compound.
11. A resilient flooring material that is especially
susceptible to telegraphing small irregularities in
the base is _____.
A. linoleum
B. vinyl
C. rubber
D. asphalt
12. True or False? When laying resilient tiles, tiling is
started at the entrance to the room.
13. The area of a room to be floored with
self-adhering tiles is 105 sq ft and you are using
12″ × 12″ tiles. Accounting for 10% waste, how
many tiles will you need to complete the job?
A. 89
B. 116
C. 132
D. 144
Chapter 20 Finish Flooring 567
14. Which of the following is not a of
forming a bisque for floor tile?
A. Extrusion.
B. Die pressing.
C. Cut a sheet.
D. Baking in a kiln.
15. _____tile is very dense, always unglazed, and
ideal for floors.
A. Paver
B. Quarry
C. Mosaic
D. Lugged
16. _____is cement with sand added to it.
A. Sanded grout
B. Plain grout
C. Mortar
D. Mastic
Apply and Analyze
1. When is finish flooring generally laid in
construction?
2. Explain the four types of wood flooring used in
residential structures.
3. What is “racking the floor”?
4. Name one advantage and one disadvantage to
using prefinished wood flooring.
5. Why does cement board underlayment require no
expansion gap between panels?
6. How is installation of self-adhering resilient tiles
different from that of standard resilient tiles?
7. What are two advantages that vinyl plank
flooring offers when compared to laminate
flooring?
Critical Thinking
1. Research options for flooring. Narrow your
search to your top two choices for your kitchen.
Make a material list to lay both types of flooring.
Visit or call your local supplier to the
all materials needed to lay both.
Which material will you use What are
the advantages and disadvantages of each type of
flooring?
2. Building practices vary from one geographic
location to another. For instance, in the southern
United States it is common to build a home on a
slab foundation, while in northern states, homes
usually have a basement or a crawlspace. What
impact will this make on flooring choices and
installation practices? What other factors based
on geographic region or climate might impact
flooring choices or installation practices? Explain.
Communicating
about Carpentry
1. Speaking. With a partner, role-play the following
situation: A carpenter must explain the different
options for finish flooring to be installed in a
customer’s home. Use your own words to describe
strip, plank, and unit block wood flooring, and
explain the procedure for applying hardboard,
particleboard, waferboard, and plywood
underlayment. The customer should ask questions
if the explanation is unclear. Switch roles and
repeat the activity.
2. Reading and Writing. Working with a partner,
research the benefits that carpenters can enjoy
from joining a union. Determine how much dues
must be paid to be a union member, and the
benefits union members enjoy. Develop a report
for the class on the benefits of being a member of
the carpenters’ union.