xv
7.4 Specifications ..................144
7.5 Computer-Aided Drafting
and Design (CADD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.6 Metric Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.7 Building Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 144
Chapter 8
Building Layout .....................153
8.1 Plot Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.2 Measuring Tapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.3 Establishing Building Lines. . . . . . . . 155
8.4 Laying Out with Leveling
Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
8.5 Using Leveling Instruments. . . . . . . . 161
8.6 Total Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Section 2
Foundations and Framing
Chapter 9
Footings and Foundations. ............171
9.1 Preparing the Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
9.2 Laying Out Building Lines. . . . . . . . . 172
9.3 Excavation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
9.4 Foundation Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.5 Erecting Wall Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
9.6 Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
9.7 Ordering Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.8 Placing Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.9 Concrete Block Foundations. . . . . . . 192
9.10 Insulating Block Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . 198
9.11 Backfilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
9.12 ICF Foundation and Wall Systems. . . 200
9.13 Wood Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
9.14 Slab-on-Grade Construction. . . . . . . 204
9.15 Basement Floors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
9.16 Entrance Platforms and Stairs. . . . . . 208
9.17 Sidewalks, Steps, and Drives . . . . . . 208
9.18 Cold Weather Construction. . . . . . . . 210
9.19 Insect Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
9.20 Estimating Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4.4 Fastening Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 77
4.5 Prying Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.6 Gripping and Clamping Tools . . . . . . . 80
4.7 Tool Belts and Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.8 Care and Maintenance of Tools. . . . . . 82
Chapter 5
Power Tools. ........................85
5.1 Power Tool Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 Portable Circular Saws. . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.3 Saber Saw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.4 Oscillating Multi-Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.5 Reciprocating Saw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.6 Chain Saws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.7 Portable Electric Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.8 Impact Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.9 Rotary Hammer Drills. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.10 Power Planes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.11 Routers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.12 Portable Sanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.13 Power Staplers and Nail Guns. . . . . . . 99
5.14 Miter Saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.15 Radial Arm Saws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.16 Table Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.17 Jointers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.18 Specialty Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 106
5.19 Power Tool Care
and Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chapter 6
Scaffolds, Ladders, and Rigging. .......110
6.1 Types of Scaffolding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.2 Brackets, Jacks, and Trestles. . . . . . 115
6.3 Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.4 Rigging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Chapter 7
Plans, Specifications, and Codes. ......126
7.1 Set of Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
7.2 How to Find Unmarked
Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
7.3 Changing Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.4 Specifications ..................144
7.5 Computer-Aided Drafting
and Design (CADD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.6 Metric Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.7 Building Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 144
Chapter 8
Building Layout .....................153
8.1 Plot Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.2 Measuring Tapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.3 Establishing Building Lines. . . . . . . . 155
8.4 Laying Out with Leveling
Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
8.5 Using Leveling Instruments. . . . . . . . 161
8.6 Total Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Section 2
Foundations and Framing
Chapter 9
Footings and Foundations. ............171
9.1 Preparing the Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
9.2 Laying Out Building Lines. . . . . . . . . 172
9.3 Excavation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
9.4 Foundation Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
9.5 Erecting Wall Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
9.6 Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
9.7 Ordering Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.8 Placing Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
9.9 Concrete Block Foundations. . . . . . . 192
9.10 Insulating Block Walls. . . . . . . . . . . . 198
9.11 Backfilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
9.12 ICF Foundation and Wall Systems. . . 200
9.13 Wood Foundations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
9.14 Slab-on-Grade Construction. . . . . . . 204
9.15 Basement Floors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
9.16 Entrance Platforms and Stairs. . . . . . 208
9.17 Sidewalks, Steps, and Drives . . . . . . 208
9.18 Cold Weather Construction. . . . . . . . 210
9.19 Insect Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
9.20 Estimating Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4.4 Fastening Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 77
4.5 Prying Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.6 Gripping and Clamping Tools . . . . . . . 80
4.7 Tool Belts and Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.8 Care and Maintenance of Tools. . . . . . 82
Chapter 5
Power Tools. ........................85
5.1 Power Tool Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 Portable Circular Saws. . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.3 Saber Saw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.4 Oscillating Multi-Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.5 Reciprocating Saw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.6 Chain Saws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.7 Portable Electric Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.8 Impact Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.9 Rotary Hammer Drills. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.10 Power Planes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.11 Routers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
5.12 Portable Sanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.13 Power Staplers and Nail Guns. . . . . . . 99
5.14 Miter Saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.15 Radial Arm Saws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.16 Table Saws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.17 Jointers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.18 Specialty Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 106
5.19 Power Tool Care
and Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Chapter 6
Scaffolds, Ladders, and Rigging. .......110
6.1 Types of Scaffolding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.2 Brackets, Jacks, and Trestles. . . . . . 115
6.3 Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.4 Rigging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Chapter 7
Plans, Specifications, and Codes. ......126
7.1 Set of Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
7.2 How to Find Unmarked
Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
7.3 Changing Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144