Chapter 16 Wall Systems. ............................................325 16.1 Masonry Walls and Components. .......326 16.2 Wall Elements...................................348 Chapter 17 Paving and Masonry Construction Details.......................................................364 17.1 Floors, Pavements, and Steps...........364 17.2 Fireplace and Chimney Construction.....................................369 Section 6 Concrete Chapter 18 Concrete Materials and Applications. ......381 18.1 Basic Materials of Concrete...............381 18.2 Concrete Mixtures. ............................387 18.3 Measuring Materials. .........................391 18.4 Mixing..............................................392 18.5 Reinforced Concrete.........................393 18.6 Lightweight Concrete. ........................398 Chapter 19 Form Construction. ...................................401 19.1 Form Materials. .................................401 19.2 Form Designs...................................403 19.3 Form Applications. ............................408 19.4 Form Maintenance. ...........................417 19.5 Insulated Concrete Forms. .................417 Chapter 20 Concrete Flatwork and Formed Shapes. ......................................................427 20.1 Placing and Finishing Concrete. .........427 20.2 Curing Concrete. ...............................439 20.3 Joints in Concrete.............................441 20.4 Decorative and Special Finishes........442 20.5 Cast-in-Place Concrete Walls.............446 20.6 Cast-in-Place Concrete Roof and Floor Systems............................449 20.7 Precast/Prestressed Concrete Systems...........................................450 Reference Section........................................... 460 Glossary............................................................. 507 Index................................................................... 519 xv