xviii CHAPTER 17 Cold Forming Metal Sheet .................... 274 17.1 Cutting Operations .........................................276 17.2 Forming Operations........................................279 CHAPTER 18 Forging ............................................... 290 18.1 Hand Forging Equipment and Tools ................292 18.2 Forging Operations .........................................294 18.3 Industrial Forging Processes ...........................296 CHAPTER 19 Extrusion Processes.............................. 306 19.1 Extrusion Processes ........................................308 SECTION 4 MACHINING CHAPTER 20 Sawing and Cutoff Machines ................ 314 20.1 Metal-Cutting Saws ........................................316 20.2 Reciprocating Hacksaw ..................................316 20.3 Band Saw .......................................................318 20.4 Using Reciprocating and Band Saws ...............321 20.5 Reciprocating and Band Saw Problems ..........321 20.6 Metal-Cutting Circular Saw ............................322 20.7 Power Saw Safety...........................................323 CHAPTER 21 Drills and Drilling Machines.................. 326 21.1 Drills...............................................................328 21.2 Workholding Devices ......................................334 21.3 Cutting Speeds and Feeds ..............................337 21.4 Cutting Fluids .................................................339 21.5 Sharpening Drills............................................340 21.6 Drilling Holes..................................................343 21.7 Other Drill Press Operations ............................346 21.8 Industrial Applications ..................................350 21.9 Drill Press Safety.............................................350 CHAPTER 22 Grinding.............................................. 351 22.1 Abrasives ........................................................356 22.2 Abrasive Belt Grinders ....................................357 22.3 Bench and Pedestal Grinders..........................358 22.4 Off hand Grinding Wheels ...............................358 22.5 Portable Hand Grinders ..................................360 22.6 Precision Grinding ..........................................361 22.7 Precision Grinding Wheels ..............................367 22.8 Safety.............................................................371 CHAPTER 23 Metal Lathe......................................... 374 23.1 Lathe Size .......................................................376 23.2 Major Parts of a Lathe ....................................377 23.3 Preparing the Lathe for Operation ..................381 23.4 Lathe Toolholders ...........................................381 23.5 Lathe Cutting Tools .........................................383 23.6 Cutting Speeds and Feeds ..............................388 23.7 Workholding Attachments .............................389 23.8 Turning Work between Centers .......................390 23.9 Using Lathe Chucks ........................................396 23.10 Parting Operations.......................................401 23.11 Cleaning the Lathe.......................................402 23.12 Lathe Safety .................................................402 CHAPTER 24 Other Lathe Operations ........................ 408 24.1 Drilling and Reaming .....................................410 24.2 Boring ............................................................411 24.3 Knurling .........................................................412 24.4 Filing and Polishing........................................414 24.5 Using a Lathe Mandrel ...................................415 24.6 Grinding .........................................................416 24.7 Milling ............................................................417 24.8 Industrial Applications ...................................417 24.9 Lathe Safety ..................................................420