xvii Section 1 Professional Development CHAPTER 1 Careers and Certifi cation ...................2 1.1 Introduction to HVACR Careers ................4 1.2 Career Planning ........................................4 1.3 Beginning Your Career Search ................ 11 1.4 Success in the Workplace .......................15 1.5 HVACR-Related Associations and Organizations .......................................16 1.6 Certification .............................................16 1.7 Licensing .................................................19 CHAPTER 2 Safety ...................................................22 2.1 Safety and the Government ...................24 2.2 Hazard Assessment ...............................24 2.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ....33 2.4 Safe Work Practices ...............................36 CHAPTER 3 Service Calls .......................................42 3.1 Servicing ................................................44 3.2 Troubleshooting ......................................44 3.3 Customer Service ...................................47 Section 2 Refrigeration System Fundamentals CHAPTER 4 Energy and Matter ............................54 4.1 Systems of Measurement .......................56 4.2 Matter and Energy ..................................56 4.3 Mass and Weight ....................................56 4.4 Density ...................................................57 4.5 Force, Work, and Power .........................57 4.6 Heat ........................................................59 4.7 Measuring Refrigeration Effect ...............68 Contents CHAPTER 5 Gases....................................................72 5.1 Volume ................................................... 74 5.2 Pressure ................................................. 74 5.3 Gas Laws ...............................................80 5.4 Saturated Vapor ......................................84 5.5 Basic Processes That Provide Cooling Effect ....................................................84 CHAPTER 6 Basic Refrigeration Systems ...........88 6.1 Compression Refrigeration Cycle ...........90 6.2 High Side and Low Side .........................91 6.3 Compression ..........................................92 6.4 Condensing ............................................94 6.5 Metering Device .....................................97 6.6 Evaporating ............................................98 Section 3 Service Basics CHAPTER 7 Tools and Supplies..........................104 7.1 Hand Tools ............................................106 7.2 Power Tools ...........................................122 7.3 Instruments ...........................................122 7.4 Standard Supplies .................................126 7.5 Employer-Provided Tools and Equipment ..........................................130 CHAPTER 8 Working with Tubing and Piping ................................................136 8.1 Types of Refrigerant Tubing ..................138 8.2 Non-Refrigerant Tubing and Pipe .........140 8.3 Cutting Tubing .......................................143 8.4 Bending Tubing .....................................144 8.5 Connecting Tubing ................................146 8.6 Connecting Pipe ...................................162