xii Contents Section 1 Professional Development Chapter 1 Careers and Certifi cation .......................................... 2 1.1 Introduction to HVACR Careers ................. 3 1.2 Career Planning ......................................... 4 1.3 Beginning Your Career Search .................10 1.4 Success in the Workplace ........................14 1.5 HVACR-Related Associations and Organizations .....................................15 1.6 Certification ...............................................15 1.7 Licensing...................................................17 Chapter 2 Safety .................................................................. 20 2.1 Safety and the Government ..................... 21 2.2 Hazard Assessment ................................ 22 2.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ..... 30 2.4 Safe Work Practices ................................ 34 Chapter 3 Service Calls ......................................................... 40 3.1 Servicing .................................................. 41 3.2 Troubleshooting ....................................... 42 3.3 Customer Service .................................... 46 Section 2 Refrigeration System Fundamentals Chapter 4 Energy and Matter ................................................. 52 4.1 Systems of Measurement ........................ 53 4.2 Matter and Energy ................................... 53 4.3 Mass and Weight ..................................... 54 4.4 Density ..................................................... 54 4.5 Force, Work, and Power .......................... 55 4.6 Heat ......................................................... 57 4.7 Measuring Refrigeration Effect ................ 66 Chapter 5 Gases .................................................................. 70 5.1 Volume ..................................................... 71 5.2 Pressure .................................................. 71 5.3 Gas Laws ................................................. 78 5.4 Saturated Vapor ....................................... 80 5.5 Basic Processes That Provide Cooling Effect ............................. 81 Chapter 6 Basic Refrigeration Systems .................................... 84 6.1 Compression Refrigeration Cycle ............ 85 6.2 High Side and Low Side .......................... 86 6.3 Compression ........................................... 87 6.4 Condensing ............................................. 90 6.5 Metering Device ....................................... 93 6.6 Evaporating .............................................. 93 Section 3 Service Basics Chapter 7 Tools and Supplies ................................................. 98 7.1 Hand Tools ............................................... 99 7.2 Power Tools ............................................114 7.3 Instruments .............................................115 7.4 Standard Supplies ..................................120 7.5 Employer-Provided Tools and Equipment ........................................123 Chapter 8 Working with Tubing and Piping ..............................128 8.1 Types of Refrigerant Tubing ....................129 8.2 Non-Refrigerant Tubing and Pipe ...........131 8.3 Cutting Tubing .........................................133 8.4 Bending Tubing .......................................136 8.5 Connecting Tubing ..................................138 8.6 Connecting Pipe .....................................152