54 Modern Welding 3.4.1 Flat (1G) Welding Position Welds made on a groove joint in the fl at (1G) welding position must meet these conditions: ● The weld axis must be within 15° of horizontal. See Figure 3-17. ● The weld face is within 30° of horizontal. ● The weld is made from the upper side of the joint. 3.4.2 Horizontal (2G) Welding Position Groove welds made in the horizontal (2G) welding position must meet these conditions: ● The weld axis must be within 15° of horizontal. ● The weld face must be between 80°–150° or 210°–280°. See Figure 3-18. Angles are measured clockwise with 0° at the bottom. 3.4.3 Vertical (3G) Welding Position A weld on a groove joint in the vertical (3G) welding position must meet either of these sets of conditions: Condition A ● The weld axis is 80°–90° from horizontal. ● The weld face is between 0°–360° from horizontal. See Figure 3-19A. Condition B ● The weld axis is 15°–80° from horizontal. ● The weld face is within 80°–280° from horizontal. ● The weld is made from the upper side of the joint. See Figure 3-19B. 3.4.4 Overhead (4G) Welding Position Welds made on groove joints in the overhead (4G) welding position are made under these conditions: ● The weld axis is between 0°–80°. Figure 3-17. These are the specifi cations for AWS 1G or fl at groove welding position. A—The weld axis must be within 15° of horizontal. B and C—The weld face must be within 30° of horizontal. 15° up from horizontal to 15° down Weld face Horizontal Weld axis Horizontal Weld axis 0°–30° Weld axis Weld face 0°–30° Weld axis Horizontal Weld face A B C Weld axis