Table of Contents 7 Chapter 6 Shielded Metal Arc Welding 153 6.1 Direct Current (DC) Arc Welding Fundamentals 153 6.2 Alternating Current (AC) Arc Welding Fundamentals 157 6.3 Selecting an Arc Welding Machine 158 6.4 Inspecting an Arc Welding Station 159 6.5 Safety, Protective Clothing, and Shielding 160 6.6 Starting, Stopping, and Adjusting the Arc Welding Power Source for SMAW 161 6.7 DC Arc Blow 171 6.8 Arc Welded Joint Designs 172 6.9 SMAW Welding Techniques 176 6.10 Review of Safety in SMAW 186 Part 3 Gas Tungsten, Gas Metal, and Flux Cored Arc Welding Chapter 7 GTAW, GMAW, and FCAW Equipment and Supplies 191 7.1 The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Station 192 7.2 Arc Welding Power Sources for GTAW 192 7.3 Shielding Gases Used with GTAW 196 7.4 Electrode Leads and Hoses Used for GTAW 199 7.5 GTAW Torches 201 7.6 Tungsten Electrodes 205 7.7 Filler Metals Used with GTAW 207 7.8 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) Welding Stations 208 7.9 Arc Welding Power Sources for GMAW and FCAW 211 7.10 Wire Feeders Used with GMAW/ FCAW 213 7.11 GMAW/FCAW Shielding Gases 214 7.12 The GMAW/FCAW Welding Gun 216 7.13 GMAW and FCAW Electrode Wire 222 7.14 Smoke Extracting Systems 226 7.15 Filter Lenses for Use When Gas-Shielded Arc Welding 228 7.16 Protective Clothing 228 7.17 Safety Review 229 Chapter 8 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 231 8.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Principles 232 8.2 GTAW Power Sources 236 8.3 Setting Up a GTAW Station 236 8.4 Preparing Metal for Welding 251 8.5 Methods for Starting the Arc 252 8.6 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Techniques 252 8.7 Shutting Down the GTAW Station 253 8.8 Welding Joints in the Flat Welding Position 254 8.9 Welding Joints in the Horizontal Welding Position 257 8.10 Welding Joints in the Vertical Welding Position 259 8.11 Welding Joints in the Overhead Welding Position 261 8.12 Semiautomatic Welding 261 8.13 Automatic and Mechanized GTAW 262 8.14 GTAW Spot Welding 263 8.15 GTAW Troubleshooting Guide 264 8.16 GTAW Safety 264 Chapter 9 Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding 267 9.1 Gas Metal Arc and Flux Cored Arc Welding Principles 268 9.2 Metal Transfer 268 9.3 GMAW and FCAW Power Sources 273 9.4 Setting Up the GMAW/FCAW Station 274 9.5 Preparing Metal for Welding 290 9.6 Electrode Extension 290 9.7 Welding Procedures 291 9.8 Shutting Down the Station 292 9.9 Welding Joints in the Flat Welding Position 293 9.10 Welding Joints in the Horizontal Welding Position 295 9.11 Welding Joints in the Vertical Welding Position 297 9.12 Welding Joints in the Overhead Welding Position 298 9.13 Automatic GMAW and FCAW 298 9.14 Gas Metal Arc Spot Welding 299 9.15 GMAW/FCAW Troubleshooting Guide 300 9.16 GMAW and FCAW Safety 302