892 Modern Welding N narrow groove welding, 534 National Pipe Thread Tapered Thread (NPT), 600 natural gas, 352 NEMA arc welding power classifi - cations, 133–134 neutral fl ame, 80 neutral gases, 139 nick break test, 783–784 nickel-based alloys, 592 nickel-based electrode, 145 nitrogen, 284 nondestructive examination (NDE), 619, 771–772 eddy current inspection (ET), 778 liquid penetrant inspection (PT), 775–777 magnetic particle inspection (MT), 773–775 pneumatic or hydrostatic pres- sure inspecting, 779–780 ultrasonic testing (UT), 777–778 visual inspection (VT), 772–773 x-ray inspection (RT), 778–779 nondestructive testing (NDT), 771 nonessential variables, 797 nonferrous metals, 577, 733, 745 nonferrous welding applications aluminum, 578–584 beryllium, 592 copper and copper alloys, 584–588 dissimilar metals, 592–593 magnesium, 584 nickel-based alloys, 592 plastics, 593–594 titanium, 588–592 zirconium, 592 nontransferred arc, 313, 537 normalizing, 759 nozzles, 205, 220 nozzle-type pressure regulator, 334–336 number drill set, 850 O object line, 40 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 394 occupations, 834 offl ine, 681 off time, 490 Ohm’s law, 154 one-atmosphere pressure vessel, 653–655 open bottom chamber, 655 open hearth furnace, 716–719 organic fl ux, 439 orifi ce, 80, 346 orthographic projection, 36–38 oscillated, 101, 419, 533 OSHA, 394 other side, 57 other welding processes, 529, 547–556 output slope, 118 outside corner joint, 48 oven solder, 449 overhead cranes, 823 overhead (4G, 4F) welding position, 54–55, 173–174 GMAW and FCAW, 298 GTAW, 261 oxyfuel gas welding, 388–389 SMAW, 185 oxidation, 76 oxide, 76, 417 oxidizing fl ame, 80, 361 oxyacetylene torch test, 742–743 types, 344–346 oxyacetylene welding, 79–81 chemistry of, 844–846 oxyfuel gas cutting automatic cutting, 427–429 cutting alloy steels, 426–427 cutting cast iron, 427 cutting steel, 417–426 portable outfi t, 398 process, 410 regulators, 398–399 oxyfuel gas welding, 360–364 outfi t, 321–322, 364–372 procedures, 378–384 station, 321 supplies, 351–357 surfacing, 693–694 welding preparation, 372–378 welding tips, 347–349 oxyfuel joining, processes, 79–83 oxygen arc cutting, underwater, 660–662 oxygen butting, processes, 84–92 oxygen jet, 415 oxygen lance cutting (OLC), 639 equipment, 639–640 procedures, 640 oxygen line regulator, 327 oxygen supply, oxyfuel gas welding, 322–328 P PAC. See plasma arc cutting parallel gap resistance spot welding, 505 pearlite, 738 pecking, 166 peel test, 784 penetration, 53 personal factors, 13 personal management skills, 838 personal traits, 837–838 physical factors, 14 physical property, 734 physics energy, temperature, and heat, 857–858 principles, 834 pickling, 445, 846 pickling solution, 460, 846 pig iron, 712 pilot arc, 313 pinch force, 269 pipe, 597 inspecting welds, 619–620 joining methods, 600 layout, 604–605 material, 599–600 schedule, 598–599 types, 597–600 pipe joint GMAW and FCAW, 614–615 GTAW, 611–614 heat treating, 618–619 SMAW, 608–611 tack weld, 605–608 preparing for welding, 603–608 pitch, 65 pitch dimension, 62 plain carbon steel, 709 plasma, 305, 537, 700 plasma arc cutting (PAC), 305 cutting procedure, 312–316 equipment and supplies, 306–308 principle, 305–306 safety equipment, 311–312 station, 310–311 plasma arc gouging, 316–317 plasma arc spraying, 700–702 plasma arc welding (PAW), 537–540 plasma gas, 306, 308–310 plastics, 593–594 pipe welding, 621 platen, 94, 501, 522 plug weld, 65 pneumatic pressure, 779–780
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