Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 335 Chapter 16 ∣ Wheels and Tires Wheel Lacing A symmetrical wheel is one of the easiest wheels to lace. On straight pull spokes, all the spokes may be shaped the same and the same length. 1. Select matching components and organize the spokes carefully. 2. Install the inside spokes in each side of the hub and the rim. Screw nipples on the spokes and tighten evenly. 3. Insert outside spokes into the hub and the rim. Screw nipples on the spokes and tighten evenly. 4. Tighten spokes to true the wheel. See Figure 16-21. Wheel Truing Wheel truing is the process of: • Adjusting rim offset. • Adjusting lateral runout. • Adjusting radial runout. • Maintaining proper runout adjustment during final tightening and torquing of spokes. A wheel truing stand and quality spoke wrenches are required for accurate truing. For the wheel to be trued, it must have minimum runout. Maximum allowable run- out will be listed in the service manual. It is best to get as close to zero runout as possible. There are two types of run- out: lateral (side-to-side wobble) and radial (up-and-down movement). Lateral runout indicates how parallel the rim is to the hub. Lateral runout causes side-to-side wobble. Radial runout shows how concentric (round) the rim is with the hub. Radial runout causes up-and-down movement. Figure 16-22 shows lateral and radial runout. It is important to understand how lateral and radial runout are changed. Figure 16-23 shows adjustment of lat- eral runout. Figure 16-24 shows adjustment of radial run- out. When adjusting either lateral or radial runout, adjust the portion of the wheel with the most runout. It is best to make an initial adjustment of lateral run- out first. This allows you to see how much radial runout is present. Next, make an initial adjustment of radial runout. At this point, all spokes should be snug. It may be necessary to alternately adjust lateral and radial runout. Rim offset should be checked, as in Figure 16-25. Rim offset is the distance a wheel rim is set off-center to the hub. Check the service manual for rim offset specifications. Adjust rim offset by loosening all the spokes on one side of the wheel and tightening the spokes on the other side of the wheel. All spokes must be loosened or tightened the same amount to maintain minimum lateral and radial runout. kasarp studio/Shutterstock.com Figure 16-21. Install the wheel assembly on a truing stand for final tightening of spokes and truing of wheel. Radial runout Lateral runout Dial indicator Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 16-22. Lateral runout is side-to-side movement or wobble of rim. Radial runout is up-and-down movement of rim. Note the dial indicator positioning to measure each type of runout.