viii Chapter 13 Appreciating Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Section 13.1 Diverse Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Valuing Diversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Section 13.2 Cultural Humility and Cross-Cultural Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 A Diverse Population . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Cultural Humility and Cross-Cultural Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Chapter 14 Planning, Observing, and Documenting Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Section 14.1 Planning and Organizing Care . . . . . . . 291 Cultural Beliefs About Healthcare. . . . 293 Section 14.2 Observing and Reporting Care . . . . . . . 296 Developing Observation Skills . . . . . . 297 Objective and Subjective Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Section 14.3 Documenting Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Chapter 15 Promoting Mobility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Section 15.1 Positioning, Turning, Transferring, and Lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Understanding Directions . . . . . . . . . 311 Procedure Positioning in Bed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Procedure Turning a Resident in Bed . . . . . . . . . . 313 Procedure Logrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Procedure Dangling at the Edge of the Bed . . . . . 316 Procedure Transferring from a Bed to a Chair or Wheelchair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Procedure Transferring to a Chair or Wheelchair Using a Lift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Procedure Transferring from a Bed to a Stretcher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Caring for Immobile Residents. . . . . . 322 Section 15.2 Ambulation and Assistive Ambulatory Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Procedure Helping a Resident Ambulate . . . . . . . 325 Procedure Providing Assistance with a Cane. . . . . 328 Procedure Providing Assistance with a Walker . . . 330 Section 15.3 Rehabilitation and Restorative Care . . . 333 Procedure Applying Antiembolism Stockings . . . . 334 Procedure Performing Range-of-Motion Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Digital ROM Exercise. . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Chapter 9 Infection Prevention and Control . . . . . . 151 Section 9.1 Body Defenses and Infection . . . . . . . . 152 Cultural Aspects of Infection Control. . 155 HAIs in Long-Term Care. . . . . . . . . . . 157 Caring for Residents with Infections . . 158 Section 9.2 Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Procedure Hand Washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Procedure Using Hand Sanitizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Procedure Putting On and Removing Disposable Gloves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Procedure Putting On and Removing Gowns . . . . . 168 Procedure Wearing Face Protection . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Procedure Double-Bagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Procedure Transporting to and from Isolation . . . . 174 Section 9.3 Wound Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Procedure Assisting with Nonsterile Dressing Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Procedure Putting On and Removing Sterile Gloves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Chapter 10 The Healthy Body: Anatomy and Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Section 10.1 Medical Terminology and Body Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Perceptions of the Body . . . . . . . . . . 191 Section 10.2 Body Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Pharmacogenomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 The Effects of Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Chapter 11 Diseases, Conditions, and Pain. . . . . . . . 222 Section 11.1 Common Diseases and Conditions . . . . 223 Helping Residents with Diseases or Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Effects of Exercise on Cancer. . . . . . . 249 Section 11.2 Pain Relief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Expressions of Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Chapter 12 Communication and Caring . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Section 12.1 Holistic Communication . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Personal Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Holistic Communication . . . . . . . . . . 266 Section 12.2 Caring Skills and Interpersonal Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Section 12.3 Anxiety, Fear, Anger, and Confl ict . . . . . 272 Confl ict Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 275