xiii xiii Contents Unit 1 Learning About Human Services Chapter 1 An Introduction to Human Services . . . 4 What Is Human Services? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The History of Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Current Careers in Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Consumer Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Counseling and Mental Health Services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Early Childhood Development and Services. . . . . . . . 13 Family and Community Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Personal Care Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Entrepreneurial Careers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Related Services in Food, Clothing, and Housing . . . 16 Common Aptitudes, Attitudes, and Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Education, Training, and Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Common Challenges and Rewards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Job Outlook for Human Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 1 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 2 The People Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Human Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Principles of Human Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Theories of Human Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 What Every Human Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Physical Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Safety and Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Love and Acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Esteem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Self-Actualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 How People Meet Their Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Economic Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Employment Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Chapter 2 Review and Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com Golden Pixels LLC/Shutterstock.com