iv Principles of Information Technology Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. About the Authors Kathleen M. Austin was a senior lecturer in the School of Information Arts and Technologies at the University of Baltimore. She has participated in the development of many educational multimedia projects. She has authored, coauthored, or contributed to several textbooks, including Consumer Mathematics and Mathematics of the World of Work. She holds a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from Johns Hopkins University and a Doctor of Communications Design from the University of Baltimore as well as IC3 certifi cation. Lorraine N. Bergkvist is an Adjunct Professor at the University of Baltimore providing instruction in Visual Basic programming, database implementation, and web-page creation. She is also the owner of Federal Hill Résumé Center, which provides professional résumé-writing services as well as consulting and editing in the information technology fi eld. She developed the curriculum and taught the Introduction to Technology course at the University of Baltimore and the College of Notre Dame of Maryland. She holds a Master of Education degree from Towson University and IC3 certifi cation and has received several scholarships and grants in the technology fi eld. Lorie S. Atkinson Technology Teacher Elgin High School Elgin, TX J. Burton Browning Business, Engineering, and Technology Department Chair Brunswick Community College Supply, NC Kevin J. Grump CTE Teacher Oceanside High School Oceanside, CA Austin Guiswite Senior Software Developer CGI Federal Fairfax, VA Karn Gustafson Digital Film Product, CAD Architecture, CAD Engineering Teacher Volcano Vista High School Albuquerque, NM Madison Holloman Business Education Teacher Irmo High School Columbia, SC Sandra Jaworski Business Department Chair Jeffersontown High School Louisville, KY Tammy G. Neil Computer Applications and Game Design & Simulations Teacher Branford High School Branford, FL Erin L. Wasson Science and Technology Instructor/STEAM Coordinator Jackson Heights Middle School Oviedo, FL Reviewers Goodheart-Willcox Publisher would like to thank the following people who reviewed selected chapters and contributed valuable input to this edition of Principles of Information Technology.