xviii Phytochemical Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Tea Varieties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Which Fizzy Drink Is a Better Choice?. . . . . . . . . . 292 Can You Tell the Difference?. . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Probiotic Supplements—Do They Work?. . . . . . . . 339 Do Artificial Sweeteners Help the Sweet Tooth Without Impacting Health?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 342 What We Don’t Know…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Understanding GMOs and Crop Pollination. . . . . 380 The Impact of High-Intensity Pulsed Electric Fields (HIPEF) on Food Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Simple Bacterial Contaminant Monitors Printed on Labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 The Connection Between Fruit and Flowers . . . . . 511 High Soy Diets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Relevant Research Is There a Link Between Taste-Bud Sensitivity and Weight?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Senses and Aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 External Clues That Change What We Eat. . . . . . . . 48 Obesity and Corn Syrup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Deployed Military Personnel Issued Gum. . . . . . . 151 Whole-Wheat Pasta That Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Carbohydrates Versus Fats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 a2 Milk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Which Is Better—Bigger Chicken or Chicken Little?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Enzyme-Producing Gene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Produce Stabilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Research Expands Understanding of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Is the Alkaloid Caffeine Harmful to Your Heart?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Some Like It Hot: Is There a Benefit?. . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Broccoli, Anyone?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 The Safety of GMO Crops. . . . . . . 382 Consumer Response to Biodegradable Packaging. . . . 446 Where Does the Waste Go?. . . . . . 498 Going Green The Cost of Bottled Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Prescribing Food in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 New Food Packaging from Recycled Plastic. . . . . . 318 Manure Becomes Methane Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Eco-Friendly Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). . . . . . . . . . . 362 GMO Crops in the US . . . . . 377 History of Canning. . . . . . . . 402 A Brief History of Frozen Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Smoking as a Means of Preserving Foods. . . . . . . . 429 Chocolate: A Complex Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 The Impact of Unethical Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Historical Highlight George Washington Carver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Temperature Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 How Soft Drinks Got Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 120 Ancient Grains Are In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Enzymes and Insulin Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Margarine—A Modified Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 FDA Responds to Petitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Food Poisoning or Witchcraft?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Louis Pasteur: One of the World’s Greatest Scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343