xvii Enzymes Keep Going and Going… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Science Research Leads to Award-Winning BBQ. . . . 224 Tea with Lemon, Please!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Packaging and Vitamins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Antioxidant Effects of Phenolic Compounds. . . . . 262 Bacteria and Enzymes Aid Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine. . . . . . . . . 332 Bacteria Turns Pollution into Protein . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Microbes in the Human Biome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 How Much Testing Is Enough?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 CDC Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 High-Tech Pathogen Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 What’s in Your Food?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Canning with Electrical Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 High-Dose Irradiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Magnetic Resonance Imaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 408 Mass Percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 The Science Behind the Function and Flavor of Garlic in Mixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 The Chemical Separation of Lactic Acid. . . . . . . . . 491 Cell Walls Versus Cell Membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 Trends Guide Food Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 506 The Cook/Chill Foodservice System . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 STEM Matters 3-D Food Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Metric System and Foreign Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Reading the Meniscus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Experimental Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 The Fifth Taste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Computers and the Senses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Non-Newtonian Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Electric Life Savers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Lactic Acid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Energy Needs—Simple Math?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Acid Rain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Cooking with Steam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Are There Benefits to Some Sweeteners? . . . . . . . . 140 Manufactured or Natural?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Which Count As Added Sugars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Modified Corn Starches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Melt in Your Mouth…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Measuring Fat Content. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Calorie Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 The Science Behind Light and Dark Meat. . . . . . . . 203 The “Bare Bone” Facts About Gelatin. . . . . . . . . . . 206 “Eggs”actly Stable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Science Reveals Healthier Grilling Methods . . . . . 212 The “A”s Have It. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Dairy and Cattle Farmers Fight Plant-Based Food Labeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 Unintentional Additives: Pesticide Residues on Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Silage: Fermented Feed for Livestock. . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Food Safety in the Garden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Meat Scientists Make a Healthier Beef. . . . . . . . . . 385 Tomato Canning Yesterday and Today . . . . . . . . . . 415 Growing and Preserving Herbs and Spices. . . . . . . 430 Cornstarch: From Plant to Food to Plastic to Compost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Precision Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Separation Techniques for Seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 Growing Foods That Are Out of This World. . . . . 513 New Age Farmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 Farm Futures Engineering Automates Aspects of Farming. . . . . . . 7 Beans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Oysters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 It’s “Element”ary, My Dear Watson!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Energy Used in Greenhouse Production. . . . . . . . . . 80 The Impact of pH on Nutrient Availability in Soils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .⤀ 100 Impurities in Water Impact Plant and Animal Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Sweet as Honey, But Not Without Bees!. . . . . . . . . 142 Crop Rotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Got Beef? Grass-Fed Versus Corn-Fed Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Alternative Sources of Protein for a Growing Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Enzymes Improve Animal Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Role of Nutrients in Plant Growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Breeding for More Phytochemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . 279