Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 116 Section 3 Specifications and Materials Stone Masonry The most common materials used in stone masonry are y granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, and slate. Like concrete, stone has been used as a building material for many centuries. In the past, stones were used for structural members, roofing, and finishing. Due to the development of new materials and methods of construc- tion, stones are now used mainly for their decorative value. Brick Lay-Up Brick walls can be laid up as single-wythe walls that are 8″ or more in thickness. These can be solid or have ″ two or more cells (spaces) in them. Sometimes the cells of the brick are filled with granular insulation. Various masonry walls are shown in Figure 7-13. Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs) Another popular and widely used building material is the concrete masonry unit (CMU), which is formed ) ) from Portland cement, sand, and gravel. See Figure 7-14. By using different aggregates, such as sand, gravel, expanded shale, and pumice, the manufacturer can control the weight, strength, and acoustical properties of the CMU. CMUs are made in a variety of sizes, shapes, and densities to meet specific construction needs. The most popular is the standard block, with dimensions of 7 5/8″ × 7 5/8″ × 15 5/8″. When 3/8″ ″ of mortar is used, ″ this becomes an 8″ × 8″ × 16″ module. Another common ″ block size is the 3 5/8″ × 7 5/8″ × 15 5/8″. Concrete Block Symbols Concrete block is indicated in plan and section views with 45° crosshatch lines. Refer to Figure 7-10. The elevation view symbol for concrete block is the same as that for poured concrete with lines added to represent the block pattern. Concrete block can have colored surfaces and special design features. Slump blocks give the appearance of rough adobe brick. Steel tie Sheathing Header course of brick Block or tile 2" air space Moisture barrier on rear wall Frame wall 1" air space Composite Cavity Veneer Single wythe Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 7-13. Types of masonry walls. Dan Dorfmueller Figure 7-14. The standard concrete block (CMU) is the most widely used type of concrete masonry unit.