Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Unit 7 Construction Materials—Types and Uses 117 Ashlar stones are squared stones that have been laid r in a pattern but not cut to dimensions. There are several ashlar patterns: • Regular. Constructed with a uniform continuous height. • Stacked. Tends to form columns. • Broken range. Consists of squared stones of different sizes laid in uniform courses, but range is broken within a course. • Random range. Neither course nor range remain uniform. • Random ashlar. Course is not uniform and ends are broken, not square. Cut stones, also known as dimensional stones, are cut and finished at the mill to meet the specifications of a particular construction job. Each stone is numbered for Most stones are mined from a quarry and sent to a finishing mill for final dressing. Some stones are used in their original shapes and surface finishes. Others are cut to a specific shape, size, and finish. These are known as cut stones. Stone masonry can be laid as solid walls of stone or as composite walls backed with concrete block or tile. It is also used as a veneer. Stone walls are classified according to the shape and surface finish of the stone, such as rubble, ashlar, and cut stone. Examples of rubble and ashlar masonry are shown in Figure 7-15. Rubble consists of stones as they come from the quarry or are gathered from a field or stream. Such stones may be smooth with rounded edges, or they may be rough and angular. The random rubble wall consists of stones laid in an irregular pattern with varying sizes and shapes. Other rubble patterns are coursed, mosaic, and strip. Random rubble or fieldstone Coursed rubble Web-wall, polygonal or mosaic Strip rubble Regular coursed ashlar Stacked ashlar Broken range ashlar Random range ashlar Random ashlar with broken ends Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 7-15. Various stone masonry walls, shown in elevation.