498 Retailing and E-tailing marquee. Overhanging structure containing a signboard located at the entrance to the store. (12) mass market. Entire group of people who might buy a product or service. (5) material-storage hazard. Source of potential injury caused by the improper storage of merchandise or equipment. (18) maturity. Stage of the product life cycle when the most customers buy the product. (6) merchandise. Goods purchased with the intent of reselling to customers. (6) merchandise assortment. Number of items within the product line. (6) merchandise greeting. Greeting that includes a comment about a product or in-store event. (10) merchandise plan. Tool that is used to defi ne the goals and budgets for purchasing. (6) merchandise planning. Process of deciding which products will appeal to the target audience. (6) merchandising. Selecting and buying products to be resold to customers. (1) meta tags. Specifi c types of metadata associated with a web page. (14) metadata. Hidden data within a site that provide information about the content of certain items. (14) middleman. See intermediary. mobile applications. Software applications developed specifi cally for portable digital devices, such as smartphones and tablet computers also called mobile apps. (3) mobile apps. See mobile applications. model stock. Optimum amount of merchandise needed on hand from each category to meet customer demands. (6) motive. Reason a person acts in a certain way. (5) multichannel retailer. Retailer that uses two or more retail channels to sell products. (3) N NAICS. North American Industry Classifi cation System a governmental system developed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico used to classify businesses and collect economic statistics. (1) natural risk. Situation caused by nature. (18) nav bar. See navigation bar. navigation bar. Primary tool customers use to locate products and services on an e-tail site also called nav bar. (13) navigation label. Titles placed on the navigation bar buttons. (13) negotiating. Mutual discussion and planning of the terms of a transaction or agreement. (6) netiquette. Social and professional guidelines for online communications. (17) nonprice competition. Competitive advantage based on factors other than price. (8) nonselling tasks. Duties performed by sales associates while not in direct contact with customers. (10) nonverbal communication. Actions that send messages. (9) norming. Stage three of team development when teams eventually come together on their ideas and reach a consensus. (16) O Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Federal agency that enforces safety and health regulations in the workplace. (17) odd pricing. Pricing strategy in which a product’s price ends with an odd number, usually just lower than an even dollar amount. (8) off-price retailer. Retailer that sells brand-name merchandise at big discounts. (2) off-site purchasing. Any type of sale that takes place in a location other than a brick-and- mortar store. (3) one-way labeled scale. Rating scale that measures a topic’s importance to the participants. (4) open-to-buy. Amount of money that is available to purchase new merchandise after all other purchases have been deducted. (6) operating expenses. Ongoing expenses that keep a business functioning. (8) operations. Day-to-day activities necessary to keep a business up and running. (1) opinion research. See attitude research. opt-in marketing. See permission marketing. organic SEO. Process of creating a website so that it will be ranked high in search engine indexes. (14) organizational chart. Diagram of employee positions that shows how the positions interact within the chain of command. (15) organizing. Coordinating the efforts of a team to reach its goals. (15) orphaned page. Web page that does not have an obvious way for a visitor to move around the site. (13) outsourcing. To contract with an expert to perform specifi c work. (14) P pace. Refers to how quickly information is being covered. (9)