viii Security Essentials is designed with certification in mind. This text reflects current programs, systems, and prac- tices in the information technology industry. It adheres to the CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Exam Objectives, ensuring users are up to date with the most recent test- ing domains. Learning Outcomes At the beginning of each chapter, a list of outcomes guides learning as users read the material presented. Each outcome is aligned with a content heading, as well as with a summary bullet point and review question at the end of the chapter. This alignment provides a logical flow through each page of the material so learners may build on individual knowledge as they progress through the chapters. Security+ Objectives CompTIA Security+ Exam Objectives are listed in the opening of each chapter to engage readers and highlight important testing points presented in the content. The list of objectives serves as a checklist to verify under- standing of the Security+ standards as presented in the material. In addition, objectives are noted by an icon in the margin where material is covered and provides a visual clue as to where each objective is met. Security+ Note The Security+ Note feature provides tips and facts regard- ing the CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam. These tips will help users study for the certification exam. Tech Tip The Tech Tip feature highlights supplemental informa- tion about practical application of security concepts. These tips vary in scope, ranging from simple definitions of discussed material to real-world insight. Focus on Certification