Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 434
Glossary Glossary
A
abdominal thrust. The Heimlich maneuver or
an action to dispel an object from a choking
victim’s throat. (10)
abstract thinking. In-depth thinking about ideas
and concepts, such as justice or love. (1)
acceptable use policy. Specific policies
regarding use of computers by students. (13)
accommodations. Modifications to the
environment, learning strategies, or materials
that are made to help students with particular
special needs succeed in the classroom. (9)
accountability. Measurable proof that schools
and teachers are providing high-quality
education. (4)
accreditation. Recognition showing an
educational institution maintains standards
that qualify graduates for professional practice
in a career or career area. (16)
accredited. A school that has passed a quality
assessment. (13)
achievement gap. The differences in learning
and graduation rates among schools; often
correlates to differences in school populations
and funding. (5)
active listening. Involves asking questions and
restating ideas to discover the true message
of the sender. (10)
adhere. Follow. (16)
advanced placement courses. Courses that
are more difficult than regular high school
courses, and include content comparable to
beginning-level college classes. At the end
of the course, students take a standardized
advanced placement test. A passing score
on this test may give a student credit at the
college level for having completed that college
requirement. (16)
advantageous. Beneficial. (16)
advocate. People who support or promote the
interests of others. (1)
aggressive communicator. People whose
verbal or nonverbal communication aims
to hurt or put down other people and show
disrespect. (10)
alternative assessment. A method of
assessing learning other than through
testing. (14)
amygdala. The part of the brain responsible for
emotional reactions such as anger. (8)
analogy. A comparison of two unlike things for
similarities. (2)
apprentice. Someone who learns a skilled trade
by watching and helping an expert in that
trade. (3)
arduous. Hard to accomplish or achieve. (9)
articulate. Put thoughts into words. (2)
artifacts. Physical items that are part of
a portfolio, such as projects or papers,
examples from a related volunteer activity,
and academic and other awards. (2)
assertive communicator. People who freely
express their thoughts, ideas, and feelings
respectfully and allow others to do the
same. (10)
assessment. A form of evaluation that
involves determining how much a student
or class has learned or is currently learning.
How the teacher evaluates whether the
learning specified in the objectives has
taken place. (10, 11)
asynchrony. The lack of simultaneous
occurrence as occurs when body parts grow
at the different rates. (8)
at risk. Students or groups that have
characteristics or experiences that make them
more likely to fail academically. (5)
auditory learners. People who learn most easily
by hearing or listening to information. (9)
authoritarian style. A management style
that seeks to control students’ behavior
through many rules, procedures, and
consequences. (15)
authoritative style. A management style that
seeks to shape students’ behavior through
setting high expectations, explanations, and
consistent application of consequences. (15)
autonomy. Independence that includes personal
responsibility and decision making. (8)