Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Glossary
B
baby boom. The great increase in births after
the end of World War II. (4)
back-to-basics movement. A reform movement
which emphasized the need for more reading,
writing, and math in schools for students to
succeed in a complex world. (4)
behaviorism. A theory based on the belief that
individuals’ behavior is determined by forces
in the environment that are beyond their
control. (6)
bilingual education. Classes taught in two
languages. (4)
Bloom’s taxonomy. A theory for establishing
educational objectives as a basis for
understanding and teaching various levels of
thought. (11)
C
career and technical education. Prepares
students for the many career opportunities in
specific trades and occupations. (3)
career goal. A clear, concise statement of what
you want to become in life. (2)
career objective. A one-sentence description
that aligns you and your skills with a specific
position. (16)
case study. A description of a realistic,
problematic situation that requires a
solution. (12)
certified teacher. A teacher who has met the
state requirements for teacher preparation. (2)
chain of command. The official organizational
structure that tells who reports to whom. (10)
charter school. A public school that operates
with freedom from many of the regulations
that apply to traditional public schools. (4)
checklist. A simple list of items to note, check,
or to remember when evaluating learning. (14)
civil rights movement. A social movement
in the United States led primarily by African
Americans and their supporters who sought to
gain equal rights regardless of race. (4)
class rules. The guidelines for student behavior
specific to a class or teacher. (15)
classical conditioning. The theory that
behaviors can be associated with
responses. (6)
classification. The ability to sort items by one or
more characteristics they have in common. (7)
classroom management. The steps teachers
take to organize their classroom for optimal
learning, engage students in that learning,
and minimize behaviors that disrupt it. (15)
classroom procedures. Specific guidelines that
translate the class rules into concrete actions
expected of students. (15)
closure. A process that helps students draw
conclusions based on what they have
learned. (12)
cognition. Processes involving thought and
knowledge. (6)
cognitive development. The way people
change and improve in their abilities to think
and learn throughout life. (6)
cognizant. Knowledgeable and mindful. (6)
Cold War. A decades-long standoff that began
in the late 1940s after World War II, when
tensions and competition increased between
the Soviet Union on one side and the United
States and its allies in Western Europe on the
other. (4)
collaboration. Working cooperatively with
others. (10)
collaborative learning. Offers a way for
students to work in groups and solve
problems together. A form of group learning
in which assignments involve a task or
problem students must solve using their
complementary and interdependent skills,
experiences, or opinions. (1, 12)
common schools. The first public
state-supported schools that gave the same
education to people from different levels of
society. (3)
competency-based education. Schools teach
toward students demonstrating mastery and
achievement of specified knowledge and skills
in subject areas. (4)
concrete thinking. Thinking that focuses on
facts and actual experiences. (1)
conflict resolution. Skills that can help students
learn how to state their needs, negotiate, and
collaborate. (5)
consensus. A general agreement that requires
analysis and negotiation to reach a solution
on which the majority agrees. (12)
conservation. The ability to understand that
something can remain the same even if the
way it looks changes; for example, a simple
change in the shape of an object does not
change its amount. (7)