xvii Section 5 Plasma Arc Cutting Chapter 23 Plasma Arc Cutting......................335 Plasma Arc Cutting Principles ..........336 Plasma Arc Cutting Equipment and Supplies ................................337 Plasma and Shielding Gases ...........340 Equipment Assembly .......................341 Safety Equipment ............................341 Preparing to Cut ...............................341 Cutting Procedure ............................342 Plasma Arc Gouging ........................346 Section 6 Oxyfuel Gas Processes Chapter 24 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting and Welding: Equipment and Supplies .............351 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting and Welding ....352 Acetylene .........................................353 Oxygen ............................................356 Manifolds .........................................360 Pressure Regulators.........................361 Hoses and Fittings ...........................362 Cutting Torches ................................364 Welding Torches ...............................366 Protective Clothing ...........................370 Chapter 25 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting and Welding: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ..................................377 Assembling the Cutting or Welding Outfit ...............................378 Turning on an Oxyacetylene Cutting or Welding Outfit ...............................380 Checking for Leaks ..........................382 Flames .............................................384 Lighting and Adjusting a Positive- Pressure Cutting Torch .................384 Shutting Down a Positive-Pressure Cutting Torch ................................386 Lighting and Adjusting the Flame of a Welding Torch ...............................387 Shutting Down an Oxyacetylene Welding Outfit ...............................389 Chapter 26 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting ....................393 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting Principles ........394 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting Equipment.......394 Preparing to Cut ...............................394 Manual Cutting .................................395 Cutting Machines .............................401 Chapter 27 Oxyfuel Gas Welding: Flat Welding Position .......................................407 Flat Position Welding .......................408 Preparing to Weld ............................408 Holding the Torch .............................408 Describing the Torch Angles ............409 Creating a Continuous Weld Pool ....410 Welding without a Welding Rod .......412 Selecting a Welding Rod ..................414 Laying a Weld Bead .........................415 Weld Defects ....................................421 Chapter 28 Oxyfuel Gas Welding: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions .....................................427 Out-of-Position Welding ...................428 Welding in the Horizontal Welding Position.........................................429 Welding in the Vertical Welding Position.........................................435 Welding in the Overhead Welding Position.........................................440 Chapter 29 Brazing and Braze Welding .........447 Brazing and Braze Welding Principles ......................................448