xvi GMAW and FCAW Equipment .........216 Protective Clothing and Equipment ....................................223 Chapter 16 GMAW and FCAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ...........229 Assembly and Setup ........................230 Selecting the Shielding Gas .............234 Selecting the Electrode Wire ............236 Welding Machine Settings ...............240 Preparing the Base Metal ................241 Safety Precautions ...........................242 Shutting Down a GMAW/FCAW Station ..........................................242 Chapter 17 GMAW and FCAW: Flat Welding Position .......................................247 Gas Metal Arc Welding Principles ....248 Laying a Weld Bead .........................250 Making a Fillet Weld .........................253 Welding Aluminum ...........................257 Weld Defects ....................................258 Chapter 18 GMAW and FCAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions ......................................263 Out-of-Position GMAW and FCAW ....................................264 Welding in the Horizontal Welding Position.........................................264 Welding in the Vertical Welding Position.........................................268 Welding in the Overhead Welding Position.........................................271 Section 4 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Chapter 19 GTAW: Equipment and Supplies ....277 Technical Terms ...............................278 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Principles ......................................278 GTAW Equipment ............................278 GTAW Machine ................................278 Torches ............................................282 Cables and Hoses............................284 Shielding Gases ...............................284 Regulators and Flowmeters .............284 Remote Current Control ...................284 Protective Equipment .......................287 Chapter 20 GTAW: Equipment Assembly and Adjustment ..................................291 Equipment Assembly .......................292 Welding Machine Settings ...............295 Selecting and Preparing the Electrode ................................298 Preparing Metal for Welding .............301 Chapter 21 GTAW: Flat Welding Position .......305 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Principles ........................306 Welding a Bead on Plate .................308 Welding without Filler Metals ...........311 Fillet Welding a Lap Joint .................313 Welding Inside Corner and T-Joints ..................................315 Welding Butt Joints ..........................316 Welding Other Metals ......................317 Weld Defects ....................................318 Chapter 22 GTAW: Horizontal, Vertical, and Overhead Welding Positions .......323 Out-of-Position GTAW ......................324 Welding in the Horizontal Welding Position.........................................324 Welding in the Vertical Welding Position.........................................328 Welding in the Overhead Welding Position.........................................329 Welding Other Metals ......................331