xix
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Hookups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Pulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Pushes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Stress Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Repairing Specifi c Types
of Frame Damage . . . 412
Repairing Buckles. . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Repairing a Rolled Rail . . . . . . . . . 416
Repairing a Collapsed Cross Member . . . 416
Repairing Widening . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Repairing Sidesway . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Repairing Sag . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Repairing Kickup . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Repairing Twist. . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Repairing Diamond Damage . . . . . . . 420
Repairing Mash. . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Repairing Combination Damage . . . . . 422
CHAPTER
18
Structural Component
Replacement 427
Introduction . . . 428
Structural Panel Replacement Procedures . . . 428
Disassemble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Straighten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Remove the Damaged Panel . . . . . . . 430
Pretreat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Fit Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Join . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Rustproof and Paint . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Replace Foam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Reassemble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Replacement Part Sources . . . 438
Front Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Side Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Rear Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Rear Section and Roof . . . . . . . . . . 439
Replacing Structural Unibody
Components . . . 440
Radiator Support . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Apron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Shock Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Upper Frame Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Lower Front Frame Rail . . . . . . . . . 443
Advanced High-Strength Steel
Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
A-pillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Rocker Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Center Pillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Rear Frame Rail and Trunk Floor . . . . . 449
Aluminum Panels. . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Replacing Full-Frame Components . . . 451
Full-Frame Sectioning . . . . . . . . . . 452
Full-Frame Replacement . . . . . . . . . 452
SECTION
4
Mechanical and Electrical
Repairs
CHAPTER
19
Steering and Suspension 457
Introduction . . . 458
Steering System . . . 458
Steering System Parts . . . . . . . . . . 458
Steering System Types . . . 458
Rack-and-Pinion Steering . . . . . . . . 459
Parallelogram Steering. . . . . . . . . . 460
Power Steering Systems . . . . . . . . . 460
Suspension Systems . . . 461
Suspension System Components . . . . . 461
Front Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . 463
Rear Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . 465
Electronic Suspension Systems . . . . . . 466
Hub and Wheel Assemblies . . . 466
Wheel Hubs and Bearings . . . . . . . . 466
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Tires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems . . . . . 469
Diagnosing Steering, Suspension,
and Wheel Assembly Damage . . . 469
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Steering and Suspension System
Repair . . . 474
Replacing an Outer Tie Rod
(Tie Rod End) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474