xix Repairing Sag .....................................................419 Repairing Kickup ...............................................420 Repairing Twist ..................................................420 Repairing Diamond Damage ...........................420 Repairing Mash ..................................................421 Repairing Combination Damage .....................422 CHAPTER 18 Structural Component Replacement 427 Introduction .......................................................428 Structural Panel Replacement Procedures ...428 Disassemble ........................................................428 Straighten ............................................................428 Plan ......................................................................429 Remove the Damaged Panel ............................430 Pretreat ................................................................432 Fit Up ...................................................................432 Join .......................................................................433 Rustproof and Paint ..........................................437 Replace Foam .....................................................437 Reassemble .........................................................438 Replacement Part Sources ...............................438 Front Section .......................................................439 Side Section .........................................................439 Rear Section ........................................................439 Rear Section and Roof .......................................439 Replacing Structural Unibody Components ...................................................439 Radiator Support ...............................................440 Apron ...................................................................441 Shock Tower .......................................................442 Upper Frame Rail...............................................442 Lower Front Frame Rail ....................................443 Advanced High Strength Steel Reinforcement .................................................444 A-Pillar ................................................................444 Rocker Panel .......................................................446 Center Pillar ........................................................447 Rear Frame Rail and Trunk Floor ....................449 Aluminum Bonded to Aluminum ...................450 Aluminum Bonded to Steel ..............................451 Replacing Full-Frame Components ...............451 Full-Frame Sectioning .......................................452 Full-Frame Replacement ...................................453 SECTION 4 Mechanical and Electrical Repairs CHAPTER 19 Steering and Suspension 457 Introduction .......................................................458 Steering System .................................................458 Steering System Types .....................................458 Rack-and-Pinion Steering .................................459 Parallelogram Steering ......................................460 Power Steering Systems ....................................460 Suspension Systems .........................................461 Suspension System Components ....................461 Front Suspension Types ....................................463 Rear Suspension Types .....................................465 Electronic Suspension Systems ........................466 Hub and Wheel Assemblies ............................466 Wheel Hubs and Bearings ................................466 Wheels .................................................................467 Tires ......................................................................467 Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems ...................469 Diagnosing Steering, Suspension, and Wheel Assembly Damage ...................469 Inspection ............................................................470 Steering and Suspension System Repair .....474 Replacing an Outer Tie Rod (Tie Rod End) ....474 Replacing an Inner Tie Rod ..............................475 Replacing a Center Link ...................................475 Replacing a Rack-and-Pinion Gearbox ...........476 Replacing a Parallelogram Steering Gearbox ............................................................476 Replacing a MacPherson Strut .........................476 Replacing a Modifi ed MacPherson Strut .......476 Replacing a Coil Spring—Short/Long Arm Suspension .............................................477 Replacing a Coil Spring—Solid Rear Axle .....478 Replacing a Control Arm ..................................478 Replacing a Steering Knuckle ..........................478 Replacing a Leaf Spring ....................................479 Replacing a Stabilizer Bar and Links ..............479 Removing and Installing a Steering Column ............................................................479