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Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Technology 19
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Figure 1-15. The basic layout of the Microsoft Edge screen.
programs are also known as web browsers, browsers now offer many
abilities beyond surfi the World Wide Web. fing
Examples of browsers are Chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari, and
Firefox, among others. Figure 1-15 illustrates the main features of the
Microsoft Edge browser.
While computing has been a human need for
thousands of years, electronic digital computers
have existed for less than a century. Starting
in 1945 with the development of the Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), the
digital age was born. The leaders of the design
team for the first programmable digital computer
were J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchley at
the University of Pennsylvania. They conceived
the idea for using vacuum tubes to represent the
on-off digital values. The calculations required
36 vacuum tubes to represent a single digit.
Once the ENIAC was completed and tested,
it was used at Aberdeen Proving Ground in
Maryland to perform ballistics calculations.
The first programmers were Kay McNulty, Betty
Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Fran
Bilas, and Ruth Lichterman.
Titans of Technology