Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Chapter 13 Designing the World through Engineering
241
various modes. These technologies encompass
a wide range of products and processes, which
continually change based on other technological
advancements. See Figure 13-16.
Engineers design and use information and
communication technologies concurrently to create
new products. They use these technologies not
only to share ideas with others, but also to design
more effi effective, and innovative methods to ficient,
transfer information between humans and machines.
Whereas communication was once an explicit
process, often human to human, or through means
such as smoke signals, books, and cave paintings, it
has increasingly become a process that humans do
not see. Information is almost instantaneously sent
across computers digitally, represented as 1s and 0s.
Engineers with computer and electrical engi-
neering degrees face many challenges in designing
information and communication technologies.
Finding new ways to teach students is one of
these challenges. Engineers have opportunities
to create new technologies that can communicate
and transfer information to a wide range of indi-
viduals. They have developed new technologies
such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs).
See Figure 13-17. MOOCs are online courses that 7 7
allow a large number of participants to attend and
participate in a course via the Internet.
Another engineering challenge is ensuring the
security of cyberspace. For example, a traditional
solution is creating firewalls, or perimeter defenses fi
on networks, to block access from external hackers.
Finding new ways to protect personal privacy and
national security has become increasingly impor-
tant. Many businesses have been the victims of
cyber attacks, resulting in the release of confidentialfi
information and leakage of e-mails.
Medical Technologies
The ability to live healthier and longer lives can
be attributed to advancements in medical technolo-
gies. Medical technologies create the tools used in
the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treat-
ment of illness, as well as repair of injury. Examples
of tools developed to treat illness and injury include
diagnostic tools, such as CT scans and MRIs;
preventative measures, such as vaccines; moni-
toring equipment, such as heart monitors; surgical
tools and equipment, such as surgical robots; and
devices used in repair of the human body, such as
prosthetic limbs. See Figure 13-18. Because people
encounter medical technologies throughout their
lives and must make decisions directly related to
living a healthy lifestyle, understanding medical
technologies is essential.
GaudiLab/Shutterstock.com
Figure 13-16. Information and communication
technologies are becoming increasingly interactive,
slimmer in design, and flexible in use.
megaflopp/Shutterstock.com
Figure 13-17. Online learning is growing in popularity.
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Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Chapter 13 Designing the World through Engineering
241
various modes. These technologies encompass
a wide range of products and processes, which
continually change based on other technological
advancements. See Figure 13-16.
Engineers design and use information and
communication technologies concurrently to create
new products. They use these technologies not
only to share ideas with others, but also to design
more effi effective, and innovative methods to ficient,
transfer information between humans and machines.
Whereas communication was once an explicit
process, often human to human, or through means
such as smoke signals, books, and cave paintings, it
has increasingly become a process that humans do
not see. Information is almost instantaneously sent
across computers digitally, represented as 1s and 0s.
Engineers with computer and electrical engi-
neering degrees face many challenges in designing
information and communication technologies.
Finding new ways to teach students is one of
these challenges. Engineers have opportunities
to create new technologies that can communicate
and transfer information to a wide range of indi-
viduals. They have developed new technologies
such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs).
See Figure 13-17. MOOCs are online courses that 7 7
allow a large number of participants to attend and
participate in a course via the Internet.
Another engineering challenge is ensuring the
security of cyberspace. For example, a traditional
solution is creating firewalls, or perimeter defenses fi
on networks, to block access from external hackers.
Finding new ways to protect personal privacy and
national security has become increasingly impor-
tant. Many businesses have been the victims of
cyber attacks, resulting in the release of confidentialfi
information and leakage of e-mails.
Medical Technologies
The ability to live healthier and longer lives can
be attributed to advancements in medical technolo-
gies. Medical technologies create the tools used in
the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treat-
ment of illness, as well as repair of injury. Examples
of tools developed to treat illness and injury include
diagnostic tools, such as CT scans and MRIs;
preventative measures, such as vaccines; moni-
toring equipment, such as heart monitors; surgical
tools and equipment, such as surgical robots; and
devices used in repair of the human body, such as
prosthetic limbs. See Figure 13-18. Because people
encounter medical technologies throughout their
lives and must make decisions directly related to
living a healthy lifestyle, understanding medical
technologies is essential.
GaudiLab/Shutterstock.com
Figure 13-16. Information and communication
technologies are becoming increasingly interactive,
slimmer in design, and flexible in use.
megaflopp/Shutterstock.com
Figure 13-17. Online learning is growing in popularity.

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