xxvi Modern Automotive Technology Chapter 46 Turbochargers and Superchargers— Construction, Operation, and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 Engine Aspiration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .809 Turbochargers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 Turbocharger Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Turbo Lag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Variable Vane Turbochargers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Turbocharger Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Turbocharger Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .813 Waste Gate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .813 Turbo Blow Off Valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .814 Turbocharger Intercooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .815 Sequential Turbocharger Systems . . . . . . . . . .815 Turbocharged Engine Modifications . . . . . . . . .816 Turbo Computer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .816 Turbocharging System Service . . . . . . . . . . . .817 Scanning a Turbocharging System. . . . . . . . . .817 Inspecting Turbocharger System . . . . . . . . . . .817 Turbocharger Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .818 Installing a Turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .820 Waste Gate Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .820 Superchargers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .820 Supercharger Bypass Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .822 Supercharger Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .823 Supercharger Intercooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .823 Supercharger System Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .824 Scanning a Supercharging System . . . . . . . . .825 Supercharger System Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . .825 Measuring Supercharger Boost Pressure. . . . .826 Supercharger Belt Replacement . . . . . . . . . . .827 Supercharger Clutch Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827 Supercharger Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .828 Intercooler Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .829 Intercooler Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .829 Supercharger Oil Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .830 Section 7 Cooling and Lubrication Systems Technology Chapter 47 Cooling System Technology . . . . . . 835 Vehicle Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .835 Specific Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .835 Cooling System Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .836 Removing Engine Heat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .837 Maintaining Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . .837 Reaching Operating Temperature Quickly . . . .838 Heater Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838 Cooling System Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838 Air Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838 Liquid Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838 Cooling System Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .839 Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .840 Radiator and Heater Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .841 Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .841 Cooling System Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .844 Thermostat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847 Cooling System Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . .848 Temperature Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Engine Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Antifreeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Prevents Winter Freeze Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Prevents Rust and Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Lubricates the Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Cools the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Antifreeze/Water Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .849 Block Heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .850 Supercharger Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . .850 Hybrid Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .850 HV Battery Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .851 Motor-Generator Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . .852 HV PCM Cooling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .852 Chapter 48 Cooling System Testing, Maintenance, and Repair . . . . . . . . . 859 Cooling System Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . .860 Cooling System On-Board Diagnostics . . . . . .861 Diagnosis Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .861 Cooling System Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .861 Cooling System Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .862 Coolant Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .862 Engine Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .865 Engine Overcooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .867 Water Pump Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .867 Checking a Water Pump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .867 Removing a Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .868 Installing a Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .868 Thermostat Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870 Thermostat Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870 Thermostat Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870 Bleeding the Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . .873 Cooling System Hose Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .873