xxx Modern Automotive Technology Chapter 57 Short Block Rebuilding and Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087 Cylinder Block Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087 Inspecting the Cylinder Block . . . . . . . . . . . . .1088 Finding Cracks in the Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1088 Repairing Block Cracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1090 Checking Main Bearing Bores . . . . . . . . . . . .1090 Line Boring the Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1091 Measuring Cylinder Block Deck Warpage . . .1091 Measuring Cylinder Diameter. . . . . . . . . . . . .1093 Cylinder Wear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1093 Cylinder Honing and Deglazing . . . . . . . . . . 1096 Hone Grit Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1096 Using a Power Hone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1096 Using a Flex Hone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1098 Block Boring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099 Overbore Sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 Overbore Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Oversize Pistons and Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Cylinder Sleeving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Cleaning Cylinder Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Camshaft and Balancer Bearing Installation . . . 1102 Core Plug Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104 Crankshaft Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104 Measuring Journal Taper, Out-of-Round, and Cheek Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105 Checking for a Cracked Crankshaft . . . . . . . . 1106 Checking Crankshaft Straightness . . . . . . . . . 1106 Crankshaft Turning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 Undersize Bearing Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108 Cleaning the Crankshaft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108 Installing the Rear Main Oil Seal. . . . . . . . . . 1109 Two-Piece Seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109 One-Piece Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 Main Bearing and Crankshaft Installation . . 1111 Installing the Main Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 Installing the Crankshaft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 Checking Main Bearing Clearance. . . . . . . . . 1112 Torquing the Main Caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 Torque-to-Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 Checking Crankshaft Endplay . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 Replacing the Pilot Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116 Piston Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117 Cleaning Piston Ring Grooves . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117 Measuring Piston Wear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117 Measuring Piston Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118 Measuring Piston Ring Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118 Checking Ring Groove Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118 Piston Pin Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 Piston Pin Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 Free-Floating Pin Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 Pressed-In Pin Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120 Measuring Piston Pin Wear and Clearance . . 1121 Connecting Rod Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 Rod Small End Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 Rod Big End Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 Checking Rod Straightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 Rebuilding Connecting Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122 Installing Piston Rings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124 Installing Oil Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124 Installing Compression Rings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124 Piston Ring Gap Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125 Measuring Piston Ring Side Clearance . . . . . 1125 Installing the Piston and Rod Assembly . . . 1126 Protecting the Crankshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127 Installing Piston and Rod in Block . . . . . . . . . 1127 Checking Rod Bearing Clearance . . . . . . . . . 1128 Torquing Connecting Rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128 Checking Rod Side Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 Engine Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131 Balancer Shaft Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132 Chapter 58 Engine Top End Rebuilding. . . . . . 1137 Cylinder Head Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137 Cylinder Head Warpage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137 Cylinder Head Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139 Cracked Cylinder Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140 Repairing Cracked Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141 Head Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141 Valve Guide Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143 Measuring Valve Guide and Stem Wear. . . . . 1143 Repairing Valve Guide Wear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144 Valve Seat Reconditioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 Valve Seat Resurfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 Selecting Stone and Pilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146 Dressing Stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147 Grinding Valve Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147 Cutting Valve Seats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149 Checking Seat Concentricity and Width . . . . . 1149 Narrowing Valve Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150 Moving the Seat Contact Point. . . . . . . . . . . . 1150 Valve Retrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150 Valve Seat Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1151 Valve Seat Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152 Grinding Engine Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153 Valve Grinding Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153