xvi Contents SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Manufacturing ................ 2 1.1 Introduction to Manufacturing.............................4 1.2 Manufacturing Processes ......................................5 1.3 Functions of a Manufacturing Company ...............9 1.4 Trends in Manufacturing .......................................9 1.5 Manufacturing Process Improvement .................11 1.6 Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ..............12 CHAPTER 2 Careers in Metalworking ........................ 16 2.1 Introduction to Careers in Metalworking ............18 2.2 Types of Careers in Metalworking .......................18 2.3 Leadership in the Metalworking Industry...........23 2.4 Preparing for a Job in the Metalworking Industry ...............................24 2.5 What Industry Expects of You ............................28 2.6 What an Employee Should Expect from Industry ..............................................29 CHAPTER 3 Safety Practices ..................................... 32 3.1 Practicing Metalworking Safety .........................34 3.2 General Safety Practices .....................................34 3.3 General Tool Safety.............................................37 3.4 Machine Operation Safety ..................................38 3.5 Fire Safety ..........................................................39 CHAPTER 4 Classifying Metals .................................. 44 4.1 Metal Classifi cations ...........................................46 4.2 Ferrous Metals....................................................47 4.3 Nonferrous Metals ..............................................53 4.4 Precious Metals ..................................................56 4.5 High-Temperature Metals ...................................57 4.6 Rare Earth Metals ...............................................57 4.7 Metal-Based Composites ....................................58 4.8 Safety Precautions for Handling Metals ..............59 4.9 Measurement of Metals and Standard Shapes....59 CHAPTER 5 Understanding Drawings ....................... 66 5.1 Elements of Drawings .........................................68 5.2 Title Block Information .......................................69 5.3 Dimensions ........................................................72 5.4 Tolerances...........................................................72 5.5 Surface Texture Symbols .....................................74 5.6 Geometric Dimensioning andTolerancing (GD&T).....75 5.7 Types of Drawings ...............................................78 5.8 Prints..................................................................81 5.9 Planning a Metalworking Project .......................82 CHAPTER 6 Measurement ........................................ 86 6.1 The Rule..............................................................88 6.2 Calipers...............................................................90 6.3 The Micrometer Caliper.......................................92 6.4 Vernier Measuring Tools......................................98 6.5 Gages and Inspection Tools ...............................103 6.6 Dial Indicators ..................................................108 6.7 Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM).............109 6.8 Optical Inspection and Measuring Technologies ....110 CHAPTER 7 Layout Work ........................................ 118 7.1 Preparing Metal for Layout...............................120 7.2 Layout Tools......................................................120 7.3 Measuring Angles.............................................125 7.4 Other Layout Tools and Equipment ...................127 7.5 Making a Layout...............................................129 7.6 Safety Precautions for Layout Work ..................130