vii Part 1 The Nursing Assistant—Roles and Responsibilities Chapter 1 The Holistic Nursing Assistant . . . 2 Section 1.1 Role and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Section 1.2 Professionalism and Boundaries . . . . . 12 Chapter 2 Understanding Healthcare . . . . . . 21 Section 2.1 Healthcare Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Section 2.2 Structure and Culture in Healthcare Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chapter 3 Legal and Ethical Practice . . . . . . 42 Section 3.1 Healthcare Laws, Regulations, and Scope of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Section 3.2 Ethics, Problem Solving, and Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Chapter 4 Working in Healthcare . . . . . . . . . 61 Section 4.1 Healthcare Teamwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Section 4.2 Engagement, Critical Thinking, and Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Chapter 5 Providing Holistic Nursing Care . . 78 Section 5.1 Levels and Types of Nursing Care . . . . 79 Section 5.2 The Nursing Process, Policies, and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Section 5.3 Admission, Transfer, and Discharge . . . 89 Procedure Admission to a Healthcare Facility . . . 91 Procedure Transfer Within or to Another Facility . . 94 Procedure Discharge from a Healthcare Facility . . 96 Part 2 Health and Well-Being—Self-Care and Disease Chapter 6 Human Behavior and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Section 6.1 Human Needs and Growth . . . . . . . . 101 Section 6.2 Human Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Section 6.3 Body, Mind, and Spirit . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Chapter 7 Health and Wellness . . . . . . . . . . 119 Section 7.1 Wellness and Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Section 7.2 Work-Life Balance and Stress Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Section 7.3 Health Promotion and Integrative Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Chapter 8 The Healthy Body: Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Section 8.1 Medical Terminology and Body Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Section 8.2 Body Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Chapter 9 Diseases, Conditions, and Pain . . 196 Section 9.1 Common Diseases and Conditions . . 197 Section 9.2 Pain Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Part 3 Holistic Communication and Cultural Humility Chapter 10 Communication and Caring . . . . 254 Section 10.1 Holistic Communication and Health Literacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Section 10.2 Caring Skills and Interpersonal Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Section 10.3 Anxiety, Fear, Anger, and Confl ict . . . 270 Chapter 11 Appreciating Diversity . . . . . . . . 278 Section 11.1 Diverse Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Section 11.2 Cultural Humility and Cross-Cultural Communication . . . . . 284 Part 4 Observing, Reporting, and Documenting Chapter 12 Planning, Observing, and Reporting Care . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Section 12.1 Planning and Organizing Care . . . . . 291 Section 12.2 Observing and Reporting Care . . . . . 298 Chapter 13 Records and Documentation . . . 304 Section 13.1 Health Records and Technology . . . . 305 Section 13.2 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Contents