ix Chapter 19 Physical Examination and Specimen Collection . . . . . . 489 Section 19.1 Physical Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 Procedure Preparing for an Examination . . . . . . 499 Section 19.2 Specimen Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Procedure Collecting a Sputum Specimen . . . . . 503 Procedure Collecting Urine Specimens . . . . . . . 506 Procedure Collecting a Stool Specimen . . . . . . . 510 Part 8 Providing Personal Care Chapter 20 Creating a Safe, Restful Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Section 20.1 The Call System and Respecting Personal Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 Section 20.2 Making Beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 Procedure Making an Occupied Bed . . . . . . . . . 529 Procedure Making an Unoccupied Bed . . . . . . . 531 Procedure Making a Surgical Bed . . . . . . . . . . . 533 Section 20.3 Promoting Comfort, Relaxation, Rest, and Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Procedure Giving a Back Rub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 Chapter 21 Assisting with Personal Hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Section 21.1 Bathing, Grooming, and Dressing . . . 546 Procedure Giving a Total or Partial Bed Bath . . . 549 Procedure Providing Assistance with Hair Care . . 554 Procedure Providing Oral Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 Procedure Cleaning and Storing Dentures . . . . . 562 Procedure Providing Fingernail Care . . . . . . . . . 564 Procedure Providing Foot Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 Procedure Providing Female and Male Perineal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Procedure Dressing and Undressing . . . . . . . . . 572 Procedure Changing a Hospital Gown with an IV Catheter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 Section 21.2 Caring for the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 Procedure Using Warm, Moist Compresses . . . . 582 Procedure Using Warm Soaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 Procedure Using Cold, Moist Compresses . . . . . 587 Procedure Using Ice Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Part 9 Nutrition, Fluid Balance, and Elimination Chapter 22 Healthy Eating and Nutritional Challenges . . . . 593 Section 22.1 Life Cycle Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 Section 22.2 Therapeutic Diets and Nutritional Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Procedure Assisting with Meals in the Room . . 620 Chapter 23 Hydration and Elimination . . . . . 626 Section 23.1 Maintaining Hydration . . . . . . . . . . . 627 Procedure Measuring and Recording Fluid Intake and Urinary Output . . . . . . . . 632 Section 23.2 Assisting with Elimination . . . . . . . . 635 Procedure Assisting to a Toilet or Bedside Commode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 Procedure Assisting with a Standard or Fracture Bedpan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 Procedure Assisting with a Urinal . . . . . . . . . . . 642 Procedure Providing Catheter Care . . . . . . . . . . 644 Procedure Changing a Urinary Drainage Bag . . 647 Procedure Inserting a Rectal Tube . . . . . . . . . . . 654 Procedure Inserting a Rectal Suppository . . . . . 657 Procedure Administering an Enema . . . . . . . . . . 659 Procedure Providing Ostomy Care . . . . . . . . . . . 663 Part 10 Special Issues, Populations, and Emergency Care Chapter 24 Disabilities, Cognitive Disorders, and Mental and Emotional Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 Section 24.1 Disabilities and Cognitive Disorders . . 672 Section 24.2 Emotional Health Concerns and Mental Health Conditions . . . . . 695 Chapter 25 Caring for Special Populations and Needs . . . . . . . . 706 Section 25.1 Mothers, Newborns, and Infants . . . . 707 Procedure Bathing Infants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 Procedure Diapering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 Procedure Clearing an Infant’s Obstructed Airway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 Section 25.2 Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 Procedure Applying Antiembolism Stockings . . . 745