vi Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Technology. . .4 Section 1.1 Computers Are Everywhere. . . . . . . 6 Digital Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Embedded Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Emerging Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Section 1.2 Computers in the Workplace. . . . . 20 Worker Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Current Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Future Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Section 1.3 Challenges of a Digital Society. . . . 25 Cultural and Societal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Closing the Digital Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Application and Extension of Knowledge. . . . . 32 Chapter 2 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Section 2.1 Types of Computers and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Categories of Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Basic Parts and Functions of a Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Section 2.2 Input and Output Devices . . . . . . . 49 Input Devices and their Functions . . . . . . . . . .50 Output Devices and their Functions. . . . . . . . .60 Section 2.3 Storage Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Types of Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Naming Storage Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Application and Extension of Knowledge. . . . . 77 Unit 1 Computing Fundamentals . . .2 Chapter 3 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Section 3.1 Language of Computers . . . . . . . . 82 Electronic Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Number Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Section 3.2 System Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Operating Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 System Utility Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Section 3.3 Application Software. . . . . . . . . . 109 Software Licenses and Versions. . . . . . . . . . . .110 Application Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Installing Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Application and Extension of Knowledge. . . . 129 Chapter 4 File Management . . . . . .132 Section 4.1 File and Folder Names . . . . . . . . . 134 Windows File and Folder Names . . . . . . . . . .135 Windows File Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Section 4.2 Locating Files and Folders . . . . . . 149 Locating Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Sorting Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Sharing Files Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Section 4.3 Organizing Files and Folders . . . . 156 Copying and Moving Files and Folders. . . . .157 Deleting Files and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 Section 4.4 File Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Windows Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 File Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 File Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 File Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Application and Extension of Knowledge. . . . 173