174 Section 4 Reading Prints
both poured and block walls are reinforced with
steel rods.
Foundation walls and columns are shown
as solid lines on the foundation plan. The space
between the lines represents the material used.
Foundation walls and footings are shown as hid-
den lines in elevation views, Figure 10-4.
A foundation wall section is shown in
Figure 10-5. The symbols used in the section indi-
cate the general type of material used. However,
these materials will be detailed in notes on the
drawing or in the specifi cations.
Fireplaces and chimneys are shown on the
foundation plan with appropriate dimensions.
Additional views may be drawn to provide con-
struction details, Figure 10-6.
Grade Beams
A reinforced concrete beam that spans from
footing to footing is called a grade beam. The beam
is formed on the ground, or formed by a trench in
the earth. It is typically used to span over weak
disturbed spots in the soil support system. See
Figure 10-7.
Piles and Caissons
Auger cast piles, caissons, and steel piles are
all used to transfer loads down through unsuitable
soil to more appropriate load-carrying materials.
Auger Cast Piles
An auger cast pile foundation system is
drilled with a 12″–14″ steel auger to the appropri-
ate design depth. While the drilling shaft is being
raised out of the hole, concrete is pumped down
the shaft to fi ll up the cavity. When you view an
auger cast pile system on a drawing, you will see
that there are usually several auger cast piles clus-
tered together. They are topped with a pile cap
to make the cluster work as a total load-carrying
system, Figure 10-8.
STEP FND'TN & FOOTING AS
REQ'D BY FINAL GRADE,
TYPICAL
1
3
MAX.
7
12
7
12
7
12
7
12
7
12
4'-0"
MAX.
8
12
"=1'-0" ON 11x17
"=1'-0" ON 24x36
SCALE:
PANEL
HT.
@
GARAGE
30"MIN.
BELOW
GRADE
8"
8"
MIN.
2'-6" MIN.
FND.
HT.
10'-0
5
8"
Figure 10-4.
Elevation view of a residence showing the foundation wall and footing lines as hidden lines.
(Superior Designs, LLC)
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174 Section 4 Reading Prints
both poured and block walls are reinforced with
steel rods.
Foundation walls and columns are shown
as solid lines on the foundation plan. The space
between the lines represents the material used.
Foundation walls and footings are shown as hid-
den lines in elevation views, Figure 10-4.
A foundation wall section is shown in
Figure 10-5. The symbols used in the section indi-
cate the general type of material used. However,
these materials will be detailed in notes on the
drawing or in the specifi cations.
Fireplaces and chimneys are shown on the
foundation plan with appropriate dimensions.
Additional views may be drawn to provide con-
struction details, Figure 10-6.
Grade Beams
A reinforced concrete beam that spans from
footing to footing is called a grade beam. The beam
is formed on the ground, or formed by a trench in
the earth. It is typically used to span over weak
disturbed spots in the soil support system. See
Figure 10-7.
Piles and Caissons
Auger cast piles, caissons, and steel piles are
all used to transfer loads down through unsuitable
soil to more appropriate load-carrying materials.
Auger Cast Piles
An auger cast pile foundation system is
drilled with a 12″–14″ steel auger to the appropri-
ate design depth. While the drilling shaft is being
raised out of the hole, concrete is pumped down
the shaft to fi ll up the cavity. When you view an
auger cast pile system on a drawing, you will see
that there are usually several auger cast piles clus-
tered together. They are topped with a pile cap
to make the cluster work as a total load-carrying
system, Figure 10-8.
STEP FND'TN & FOOTING AS
REQ'D BY FINAL GRADE,
TYPICAL
1
3
MAX.
7
12
7
12
7
12
7
12
7
12
4'-0"
MAX.
8
12
"=1'-0" ON 11x17
"=1'-0" ON 24x36
SCALE:
PANEL
HT.
@
GARAGE
30"MIN.
BELOW
GRADE
8"
8"
MIN.
2'-6" MIN.
FND.
HT.
10'-0
5
8"
Figure 10-4.
Elevation view of a residence showing the foundation wall and footing lines as hidden lines.
(Superior Designs, LLC)

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