Glossary 651
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
attached house. A single-family house that shares
a common wall with houses on one or more
side; also called a townhouse or rowhouse. (22-1)
autocratic leadership. A style of leadership in
which the leader has full control of the group
and makes all the decisions for the group. (3-1)
B
backstitching. Sewing backward and forward
in the same place for a few stitches to secure
thread ends. (21-3)
bait and switch. A deceptive advertising method
in which the advertiser offers a low-priced
item as bait to get shoppers in the store. Once
shoppers are in the store, the advertiser tries to
switch them to a more expensive item. (18-3)
bakeware. Equipment used for baking foods in
an oven. (15-1)
balance. Equal visual weight on both sides of a
central point. (19-2)
basal metabolism. Life-sustaining activities that
account for energy expended when the body is
at physical, emotional, and digestive rest. (13-4)
behavioral disorder. Condition that affects the
way a person functions emotionally and
socially. (10-2)
behaviorism. A theory based on the belief that
behavior is the response to stimuli from the
environment. (10-1)
benefi ciary. A person who receives the death
benefi t of a life insurance policy. (17-4)
binge-eating disorder. A type of eating disorder
in which a person consumes large amounts of
food in one sitting without purging the food
or attempting to avoid weight gain. (13-4)
biomass. Plant and animal matter that provides
energy when burned. (5-3)
biscuit method. A mixing technique used in food
preparation in which dry ingredients are mixed
together, and then fat is cut into the mixture
before liquid ingredients are added. (16-1)
bobbin. A small metal or plastic spool that feeds
the lower thread on a sewing machine, which
is needed in making a lockstitch. (20-2)
body language. Body movements, such as facial
expressions, gestures, and posture, used to
send messages to others. (2-2)
body mass index (BMI). A calculation used by
health professionals to assess an adult’s weight
in terms of his or her height. (13-4)
bond. A certifi cate that represents a promise by a
company or government to repay a loan on a
given date. (17-2)
brainstorming. A group method of solving problems
in which members offer any and all ideas. (3-1)
budget. A plan to help manage money wisely. (4-4)
bulimia nervosa. An eating disorder in which a
person consumes large amounts of food and
then vomits or takes laxatives or diuretics to
avoid weight gain. (13-4)
bylaws. A set of specifi c rules that expand upon
an organization’s constitution by giving more
information. (3-2)
C
calorie. The unit of measurement of food energy.
(13-4)
carbohydrate. A nutrient that serves as the major
source of energy in the diet. (13-1)
career. A series of related occupations that show
progression in a fi eld of work. (1-2)
caregiver. A person who provides care for someone
else. (9-2)
car pool. A group of people who commute together
in one of the members’ vehicles. (24-1)
cashier’s check. A check drawn on a fi nancial
institution’s own funds and signed by an
offi cer of the institution. (17-1)
cash value. The amount a policyholder can collect
if he or she decides to give up a whole-life
insurance policy. (17-4)
casual dating. A type of dating, also called
random dating, that allows people to date more
than one person at a time. (8-2)
cereal. A starchy grain used as food, such as wheat,
corn, rice, and oats. (14-3)
certifi cate of deposit (CD). A type of savings
account that pays a set rate of interest on money
that is deposited for a set period of time. (17-2)