Glossary 653
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
convection cooking. A method of cooking that
involves circulating hot air over all food
surfaces, allowing food to cook quickly and
evenly. (15-1)
convenience food. A food product that has some
preparation steps fi nished. (14-1)
cookware. Equipment, including saucepans and
skillets, used for cooking on top of a cooktop.
(15-1)
cooperative. A multiunit building owned and
operated for the benefi t of the residents; also
called co-op. (22-1)
cooperative education. A work-based learning
program that prepares students for an
occupation immediately after high school
through a paid job experience. (1-2)
cooperative play. A stage of play when two or
more children play complementary roles and
share play activities. (10-2)
copayment. A fi xed fee paid by a policyholder for
certain insured items or services. (17-4)
cover. The individual place setting and allotted
space needed by each person at a table. (16-2)
cover message. A letter that introduces yourself
and your résumé to a potential employer. (1-3)
credit. An arrangement that allows consumers to
buy goods or services now and pay for them
later. (17-3)
credit contract. A legally binding agreement
between creditor and borrower that details
the terms of repayment. (17-3)
creditor. A person who gives credit to consumers
and to whom debts are owed. (17-3)
credit rating. A creditor’s evaluation of a person’s
ability to repay debts. (17-3)
crisis. An event that greatly infl uences people’s
lives and causes them to make diffi cult changes
in their lifestyles. (7-3)
cross-contamination. The spread of bacteria from
a contaminated food to other food, equipment,
or surfaces. (15-2)
cultural heritage. Learned behaviors, beliefs, and
languages that are passed from generation to
generation. (10-1)
custom house. A house specifi cally designed and
built for the new owner. (22-1)
cutting layout. A drawing showing how to fold
fabric and place pattern pieces for cutting. (21-2)
cutting line. A bold line on pattern pieces used as
a guide for cutting fabric. (21-1)
D
dart. A construction element used to give shape
and fullness to a garment made by stitching
to a point through a fold in the fabric. (21-3)
date rape. The rape of a dating partner. (8-4)
decision. A conscious or unconscious response to
a problem or issue. (4-2)
decision-making process. A logical, step-by-step
method people can use to make the decisions
that are best for them. (4-2)
deductible. An amount that a policyholder must
pay before his or her insurance company will
pay on a claim. (17-4)
defense mechanism. A behavior pattern used to
protect a person’s self-esteem. (12-2)
dehydration. Abnormal loss of body fl uids. (13-3)
democratic leadership. A style of leadership that
stresses the needs and wishes of individuals
and in which members are encouraged to
participate in decision making by voting. (3-1)
demographics. Statistical qualities of the human
population. (6-2)
depression. An emotional state that ranges from
mild, short-lived feelings of sadness to a deep,
despairing sense of dejection. (12-2)
developmentally appropriate practices. Techniques
suited to the developmental characteristics
and needs of the individual child. (11-2)
developmental theories. Explanations of
scientists who have studied human growth
and development to learn how these processes
work and affect individuals. (10-1)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Recommendations from the U.S. Departments
of Agriculture and Health and Human Services
to help people choose healthful diets. (13-2)
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Four types
of reference values that outline nutrient
requirements for each sex and for several age
groups, including needs for energy, protein,
and many vitamins and minerals. (13-1)