346 Anatomy & Physiology Essentials Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Medical Terminology: Th e Blood By understanding the word parts that make up medical words, you can extend your medical vocabulary. Th is chapter includes many of the word parts listed below. Review these word parts to be sure you understand their meanings. a-, an- no, not, without -crit to separate cyt/o cell -emesis vomiting -emia blood condition erythr/o red hem/o, hemat/o blood -ic pertaining to leuk/o white -lysis breakdown, destruction -penia defi ciency -poiesis formation -stasis stop Now use these word parts to form valid medical words that fi t the following defi nitions. Some of the words are included in this chapter. Others are not. When you fi nish, use a medical dictionary to check your work. 1. condition of not having enough blood 2. to stop the flow of blood 3. destruction of blood cells 4. low white blood cell count 5. creation of blood cells 6. pertaining to white blood cells 7. formation of red blood cells 8. deficient number of red blood cells 9. vomiting blood 10. blood separation iron-defi cient anemia the most common type of anemia caused by an insuffi cient dietary intake of iron, loss of iron from intestinal bleeding, or iron-level depletion during pregnancy jaundice a blood disorder characterized by yellow-colored skin and whites of the eyes leukemia a cancer of the blood that causes the bone marrow to produce cancerous white blood cells multiple myeloma a cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow pernicious anemia a severe anemia caused by the inability of the intestines to absorb vitamin B12, which is essential for the formation of red blood cells usually develops in older adults phlebotomy the drawing of blood a standard treatment for polycythemia polycythemia a condition in which the bone marrow manufactures too many red blood cells caused by prolonged altitude exposure and a genetic mutation sickle cell anemia a disease in which the red blood cells are shaped like a sickle, or crescent, rather than a disk caused by irregularly shaped hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells thalassemia a condition that limits the body’s ability to produce fully developed hemoglobin and red blood cells also known as Cooley’s anemia. thrombus a clot that forms in an intact blood vessel, usually a vein Review Questions 1. What conditions may be indicated by an abnormal number of white blood cells? 2. Which condition is characterized by a decreased number of red blood cells, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dizziness? 3. What type of food and mineral supplement are recommended for a person with iron-deficient anemia? 4. What is another name for Cooley’s anemia? 5. Which condition results from damage to bone marrow stem cells, making them unable to produce mature blood cells? 6. Diseases such as type I diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease, and chronic thyroiditis increase the risk of developing which type of anemia? 7. What factor might increase the likelihood that a newborn will develop jaundice? 8. Which disease includes a symptom known as a crisis? How would you describe a crisis? 9. What are the most common treatments for sickle cell anemia? 10. Which disease requires people to be more concerned than normal about skin punctures and cuts? 11. Describe the number and condition of white blood cells in leukemia. 12. Why would a bone marrow stem cell transplant help a person with multiple myeloma?